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(Nate Class) CHs overview > CH 5 The Integumentary System > Flashcards

CH 5 The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The Integumentary System

A

largest organ system in the body which includes the skin, hair, and nails

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2
Q

skin cancer is caused by

A

UVA and UVB radiation

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3
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Abnormal sensitivity to light which may increase risk for phototoxicity

May be more prone to sunburns, blistering, rash, or peeling

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4
Q

drugs that may cause Photosensitivity
N.D.A.C.C.

A

NSAIDs including ibuprofen

Diphenhydramine

All ACE inhibitors

Certain antibiotics, antidepressants or antipsychotics

Certain chemotherapies including MTX, 5-FU

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5
Q

Topical Agents for Sun-Damaged Skin
s.h.l.b generic end in -ne

A

silver sulfadiazine (SSD, Silvadene)
hydrocortisone (Cortizone, Cortaid)
lidocaine (Topicaine, Xylocaine, Lidoderm)
benzocaine (HurriCaine, Anacaine, Dermoplast)

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6
Q

age for benzocaine

A

2 years and up due to risk of methemoglobinemia

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7
Q

methemoglobinemia

A

a life-threatening condition in which oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin is diminished and leads to tissue hypoxemia

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8
Q

acne

A

overproduction of sebum

prevented by bid cleansing face

mild acne treated with OTC products

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9
Q

severe acne types are…

A

nodular acne and acne vulgaris

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10
Q

Topical antibiotics used for acne, wrinkles, and rosacea

b.e.d.m.c.

A

benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil, Benzac, Brevoxyl)

erythromycin (Erygel)

dapsone (Aczone)

metro nidazole (MetroGel, MetroCream)

clindamycin (Cleocin-T)

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11
Q

Retinoids used for acne, wrinkles, and rosacea

t.a.i.t.

A

tretinoin (Renova, Retin-A)

adapalene (Differin)

isotretinoin (Accutane, Claravis, Zenatane)

tazarotene (Avage, Fabior, Tazorac)

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12
Q

Miscellaneous antibiotic agents

A

salicylic acid (Clearasil, Neutrogena products)

sodium sulfacetamide (Avar Cleanser, Plexion)

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13
Q

Retinoids are made of…

A

Vitamin A derivatives for acne, wrinkles, rosacea,

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14
Q

Topical agents of Retinoids are used for

A

acne, photoaging, or psoriasis

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15
Q

Oral agents of retinoids are used for

A

severe acne, psoriasis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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16
Q

retinoids side effects *Topical agents

A

burning, dry skin, itching, peeling, or redness

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17
Q

Oral retinoids side effects
Agents…………………………………

A

teratogenicity (birth defects), hypertriglyceridemia, N/V (nausea, vomiting) fatigue, and hepatotoxicity

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18
Q

tretinoin (Altreno, Atralin, Renova)

A

topical retinoid for acne treatment and photodamaged skin

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19
Q

tretinoin admin

A

avoid sun exposure

Should not be used on areas of skin that are infected, red, irritated, or open wounds

Avoid applying close to eyes or mouth

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20
Q

tretinoin side effects

A

Burning, dry skin, itching, peeling, redness, and photosensitivity

rare but teratogenic (birth defects)

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21
Q

isotretinoin (Accutane, Claravis, Zenatane)

A

oral retinoid used as a last resort for severe acne

must enroll in iPLEDGE program

taken with a full glass of water to prevent capsule from dissolving in esophagus

avoid sun exposure

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22
Q

isotretinoin BBW

A

teratogenic (birth defects)

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23
Q

isotretinoin side effects

A

Depression, myalgias, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, decreased bone mineral density, visual disturbances, psychiatric effects or hypersensitivity

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24
Q

iPLEDGE program

A

REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program

all patients must agree to use birth control
females must do routine pregnancy tests

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25
Miscellaneous Skin Conditions
Dermatitis Contact Dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis atopic dermatitis psoriaris
26
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are used to
treat severe forms of eczema or psoriasis that don't respond to topical corticosteroids Reduces itching and inflammation
27
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are end in “crolimus”
Pimecrolimus (Elidel) tacrolimus (Protopic) Tacrolimus 0.03% 2 - 15 yrs old Tacrolimus 0.1% adults
28
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors' side effects
Burning, itching, acne, redness, headache, muscle aches, or flu-like symptoms May increase risk for malignancy (skin cancer or lymphoma) use for short period of time to minimize side effects
29
dandruff is treated with
selenium sulfide (Head and Shoulders) pyrithione zinc (Denorex Dandruff Shampoo) topical corticosteroids
30
Topical Corticosteroids are used for
contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and allergic reactions relieve redness, swelling, itching and pain in the dermal layer of the skin used for limited time only
31
Topical Corticosteroid side effects
Hyperglycemia, thinning of skin, fluid retention and HTN (hypertension, high bp), weight gain, changes in appetite, psychosis or insomnia, or fat redistribution
32
Low Potency Topical Corticosteroid generics end in "sone" DRUG LIST h.a.
hydrocortisone 0.5 or 1% (OTC; Dermarest, Instacort, Lanacort) hydrocortisone 2.5% (Rx; Ala-Cort, Instacort, Cortaid) alclometasone (Aclovate) hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid) hydrocortisone acetate (Cortaid, Lanacort)
33
High Potency Topical Corticosteroid some generics end in "sone" "one" DRUG LIST b.b.f.f.h.m.t
betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene) betamethasone valerate(Apexicon, Psorcon) fluocinolone (Capex, Synalar) fluocinonide (Lidex, Vanos) hydrocortisone valerate (Instacort, Locoid, Pandel) mometasone furoate (Elocon) triamcinolone (Kenalog, Triderm)
34
Very High Potency Topical Corticosteroid DRUG LIST b.c.h.a.d. _ - propionate
betamethasone dipropionate (augmented formulation) clobetasol propionate (Clobex, Clodan) halobetasol propionate (Lexette, Ultravate) amcinonide desonide (DesOwen, Tridesilon)
35
Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B (Neosporin)
Topical triple antibiotic used to prevent superficial skin infections on minor cuts, abrasions, and burn wounds OTC ointment
36
Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B (Neosporin) Side Effects
Hypersensitivity, pain or stinging around the site of application, erythema, edema
37
Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B (Neosporin) DOSING
apply 1 to 3 times per day or 8x qd for burn wounds
38
Topical Antibiotics end in "in" b.m.r.
bacitracin bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin B (Neosporin) mupirocin (Bactroban, Centany) retapamulin (Altabax)
39
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Topical antifungal to treat athlete’s foot OTC and Rx topical cream oral formulation for onychomycosis
40
Terbinafine (Lamisil) DOSING
bid for 1-2 wk
41
Terbinafine (Lamisil) SIDE EFFECTS
Hypersensitivity, skin irritation, application site burning, pruritus, xerosis Systemic absorption of topical terbinafine is 37 times lower than oral administration
42
Topical Antifungals DRUG LIST some end in -"zole" and "ine" c.k.s.m.b.t.t.c
clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) ketoconazole (Nizoral) sertaconazole (Ertaczo) miconazole (Desenex, Lotrimin AF) butenafine (Lotrimin) terbinafine (Lamisil) tolnaftate (Lamisil AF)​ ciclopirox (Ciclodan) ​
43
Docosanol (Abreva)
OTC Topical cream for acute episodes of herpes labialis (cold sores)
44
Docosanol (Abreva) DOSING
5x qd directly on lesion
45
Docosanol (Abreva) SIDE EFFECTS
Hypersensitivity, skin irritation, application site burning, pruritus, xerosis
46
Topical Antivirals DRUG LIST d.a
docosanol (Abreva) acyclovir (Zovirax)
47
permethrin OTC topical agent treats
scabies lice May cause redness, rash, or skin irritation
48
Ivermectin (Sklice, Soolantra) Rx topical product treats
headlice and topical lesions of rosacea in adults may cause skin irritation, rash, dandruff or dry skin
49
Benzalkonium chloride (Viroxyn) used as
pre-operative skin disinfectant Instruments and hospital utensils stored in solution of benzalkonium chloride
49
Pyrethrin (Licide, RID) OTC topical shampoo for
headlice Apply to wet hair/scalp for 10 minutes then rinsed off, treatment is repeated in 1 week
50
Hydrogen peroxide
Strong disinfecting, cleansing, and bleaching agent used to prepare dental surfaces before filling or to clean wounds
51
Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox)
Disinfects and deodorizes most germs and odor Common household cleaning product
52
Isopropyl alcohol
70 to 90% concentrations remove and kill bacteria by denaturing proteins stinging sensation when applied to cuts or open wounds Must dry and be left on wound for ~ 2 minutes for maximum effect
53
Povidone iodine (Aplicare, Betadine)
aqueous solution used against bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, and yeasts little discomfort to open wounds Often used in surgical procedures to prevent infection
54
Diaper rash
irritation and redness May lead to skin infection if left untreated
55
Common ingredients in diaper rash products
balsam of Peru camphor or menthol eucalyptus oil talc or kaolin zinc oxide
56
balsam of Peru
Promotes wound healing and tissue repair (used in diaper rash products)
57
camphor or menthol
Local anesthetic that relieves pain and itching (used in diaper rash products)
58
eucalyptus oil
Has antimicrobial activity (used in diaper rash products)
59
talc or kaolin
Promotes moisture absorption (used in diaper rash products)
60
zinc oxide
mild astringent to promote drying (used in diaper rash products)
61
Aloe Vera Gel Complementary and Alternative Therapies
soothing, antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing properties pain-inducing speeds up healing of burns/sunburns

(Nate Class) CHs overview (5 decks)

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