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Introduction to Linguistics > Ch. 5 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Syntax

A

How sentences and other phrases can be constucted out of smaller phrases and words.

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2
Q

Linguistic expressions

A

A piece of a language that has a certain form or meaning.

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3
Q

Grammatical

A

A term used to describe a sentence that is in a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language.

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4
Q

Ungrammatical

A

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language.

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5
Q

Grammaticality judgement

A

A reflection of speakers’ mental grammar and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules..

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6
Q

Principle of compositionality

A

Underlies the design and feature of productivity.

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7
Q

Lexical expressions

A

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon.

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8
Q

Phrasal expressions

A

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions.

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9
Q

Syntactic properties

A

Properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they syntactically combine with other expressions.

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10
Q

Co-occurence

A

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

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11
Q

Argument

A

A linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well.

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12
Q

Complements

A

Non-subject argument.

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13
Q

Adjuncts

A

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is purely optional.

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14
Q

Agreement

A

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person.

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15
Q

Morphosyntax

A

The name for a syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

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16
Q

Syntactic constituent

A

A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression.

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17
Q

Cleft

A

A type of sentence that has a general form it is/was X that Y.

18
Q

Conjuncts

A

An argument of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or.

19
Q

Syntactic Categories

A

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties.

20
Q

Syntactic distribution

A

Refers to the set of the syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

21
Q

Sentence

A

A syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically that can occur in Sally thinks that ______.

22
Q

Noun phrases

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.

23
Q

Noun

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

24
Q

Determiners

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all.

25
Q

Adjectives

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

26
Q

Verb Phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of al expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence.

27
Q

Intransitive verb

A

The name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase.

28
Q

Transitive verb

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

29
Q

Ditransitive verb

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

30
Q

Sentential complement verb

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase.

31
Q

Adverb

A

The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions quickly or well.

32
Q

Verb phrase adjuncts

A

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of a syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase.

33
Q

N adjuncts

A

The kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun.

34
Q

Prepositional phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

35
Q

Preposition

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with.

36
Q

Lexicon

A

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties.

37
Q

Phrase structure rule

A

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

38
Q

Phrase structure tree

A

A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules.

39
Q

Lexical ambiguity

A

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

40
Q

Homophony

A

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same.

Introduction to Linguistics (5 decks)

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