Ch. 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

How sentences and other phrases can be constucted out of smaller phrases and words.

Question 2

Linguistic expressions

Answer 2

A piece of a language that has a certain form or meaning.

Question 3

Grammatical

Answer 3

A term used to describe a sentence that is in a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language.

Question 4

Ungrammatical

Answer 4

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language.

Question 5

Grammaticality judgement

Answer 5

A reflection of speakers’ mental grammar and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules..

Question 6

Principle of compositionality

Answer 6

Underlies the design and feature of productivity.

Question 7

Lexical expressions

Answer 7

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon.

Question 8

Phrasal expressions

Answer 8

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions.

Question 9

Syntactic properties

Answer 9

Properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they syntactically combine with other expressions.

Question 10

Co-occurence

Answer 10

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

Question 11

Argument

Answer 11

A linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well.

Question 12

Complements

Answer 12

Non-subject argument.

Question 13

Adjuncts

Answer 13

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is purely optional.

Question 14

Agreement

Answer 14

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person.

Question 15

Morphosyntax

Answer 15

The name for a syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 16

Syntactic constituent

Answer 16

A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression.

Question 17

Cleft

Answer 17

A type of sentence that has a general form it is/was X that Y.

Question 18

Conjuncts

Answer 18

An argument of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or.

Question 19

Syntactic Categories

Answer 19

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties.

Question 20

Syntactic distribution

Answer 20

Refers to the set of the syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

Question 21

Sentence

Answer 21

A syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically that can occur in Sally thinks that ______.

Question 22

Noun phrases

Answer 22

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.

Question 23

Noun

Answer 23

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

Question 24

Determiners

Answer 24

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all.

Question 25

Adjectives

Answer 25

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

Question 26

Verb Phrase

Answer 26

The name of a syntactic category that consists of al expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence.

Question 27

Intransitive verb

Answer 27

The name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase.

Question 28

Transitive verb

Answer 28

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

Question 29

Ditransitive verb

Answer 29

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

Question 30

Sentential complement verb

Answer 30

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase.

Question 31

Adverb

Answer 31

The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions quickly or well.

Question 32

Verb phrase adjuncts

Answer 32

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of a syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase.

Question 33

N adjuncts

Answer 33

The kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun.

Question 34

Prepositional phrase

Answer 34

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

Question 35

Preposition

Answer 35

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with.

Question 36

Lexicon

Answer 36

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties.

Question 37

Phrase structure rule

Answer 37

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

Question 38

Phrase structure tree

Answer 38

A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules.

Question 39

Lexical ambiguity

Answer 39

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

Question 40

Homophony

Answer 40

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same.