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Advanced Pharmacology Nrsg 107 > Ch. 52 Antidiabetics > Flashcards

Ch. 52 Antidiabetics Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What are Antidiabetics used for?

A

To control diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease that affects carbohydrate metabolism

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2
Q

What are the 2 groups of antidiabetic drugs?

A

Insulin and oral hypoglycemics

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3
Q

Where does insulin come from?

A

A protein secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas

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4
Q

What is the purpose of insulin?

A

It is necessary for carbohydrate metabolism and plays an important role in protein and fat metabolism

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5
Q

What does the alpha cells of pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

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6
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hyperglycemia agent

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7
Q

What is the function of oral hypoglycemic drugs?

A

They are synthetic preparations that stimulate insulin release or otherwise alter the metabolic response to hyperglycemia

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8
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

A chronic disease resulting from deficient glucose metabolism

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9
Q

What causes diabetes mellitus?

A

Caused by insufficient insulin secretion from the beta cells or impaired insulin utilization

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10
Q

What are the 3 P’s that DM is characterized by?

A

Polyuria (increased urine output), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger)

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11
Q

List the 4 types of diabetes.

A

Type 1, Type 2, Secondary diabetes (medications, hormonal changes), and Gestational diabetes (GDM)

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12
Q

What is the onset of Type 1 DM?

A

Generally early age of onset

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13
Q

What is another symptom seen in Type 1 DM besides the 3 P’s?

A

Weight loss

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14
Q

What is the onset of Humalog or lispro?

A

15 min

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15
Q

What is the peak of Humalog or lispro?

A

30-90 min

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16
Q

What is the duration of Humalog or lispro?

A

3-5 hours

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17
Q

What is the onset of Novolog or aspart?

A

10-20 min

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18
Q

What is the peak of Novolog or aspart?

A

40-50 min

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19
Q

What is the duration of Novolog or aspart?

A

3-5 hours

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20
Q

What is the onset of Apidra or glulisine?

A

20-30 min

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21
Q

What is the peak of Apidra or glulisine?

A

30-90 min

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22
Q

What is the duration of Apidra or glulisine?

A

1-21/2 hours

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23
Q

What does rapid-acting insulin cover?

A

It covers insulin needs for meals eaten at the same time as the injection.

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24
Q

What type of insulin is used with the rapid-acting insulins?

A

Longer-acting insulins

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25
Which other insulins can rapid-acting insulins be mixed with?
Can only be mixed with NPH insulin.
26
What is the appearance of rapid-acting insulins?
Appearance is CLEAR
27
What is the onset of Regular (R) humulin or novolin?
30 min - 1 hour
28
What is the peak of regular (R) or novolin?
2-3 hours
29
What is the duration of regular (R) or novolin?
5-8 hours
30
What is the onset of Velosulin (for use in the insulin pump)?
30 min - 1 hour
31
What is the peak of Velosulin (for use in the insulin pump)?
2-3 hours
32
What is the duration of Velosulin (for use in the insulin pump)?
2-3 hours
33
List the rapid-acting insulins.
Humalog or lispro, Novolog or aspart, and Apidra or glulisine
34
List the short-acting insulins.
Regular (R) humulin or novolin and Velosulin (for use in the insulin pump)
35
List the long-acting insulins.
Ultralente (U), Lantus, and Levemir or detemir
36
List the pre-mixed insulins.
Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30, Novolog 70/30, Humulin 50/50, and Humalog mix 75/25
37
What does short-acting insulins cover?
They cover insulin needs for meals eaten within 30-60 minutes
38
What is the appearance of short-acting insulins?
Appearance is CLEAR
39
List the intermediate-acting insulins.
NPH (N) and Lente (L)
40
What is the onset of NPH (N)?
1-2 hours
41
What is the peak of NPH (N)?
4-12 hours
42
What is the duration of NPH (N)?
18-24 hours
43
What is the onset of Lente (L)?
1-21/2 hours
44
What is the peak of Lente (L)?
3-10 hours
45
What is the duration of Lente (L)?
18-24 hours
46
What does intermediate-acting insulins cover?
They cover insulin needs for about half the day or overnight.
47
What other insulins are the intermediate-acting insulins often combined with?
They are often combined with rapid- or short-acting insulins
48
What is the appearance of intermediate-acting insulins?
Appearance is CLOUDY
49
What is the onset of Ultralente (U)?
30 min - 3 hours
50
What is the peak of Ultralente (U)?
10-20 hours
51
What is the duration of Ultralente (U)?
20-36 hours
52
What is the onset of Lantus?
1-11/2 hours
53
What is the peak of Lantus?
No peak time; insulin is delivered at a steady level
54
What is the duration of Lantus?
20-24 hours
55
What is the onset of Levemir or detemir?
1-2 hours
56
What is the peak of Levemir or detemir?
6-8 hours
57
What is the duration of Levemir or detemir?
Up to 24 hours
58
What does long-acting insulin cover?
They cover insulin needs for about one full day
59
What other insulins are often given, when needed, wiith long-acting?
Rapid- or short-acting insulins
60
Can you mix long-acting insulins?
These should NEVER be mixed with other insulins
61
What is the appearance of long-acting insulins?
Appearance is CLEAR
62
What is the onset of Humulin 70/30?
30 min
63
What is the peak of Humulin 70/30?
2-4 hours
64
What is the duration of Humulin 70/30?
14-24 hours
65
What is the onset of Novolin 70/30?
30 min
66
What is the peak of Novolin 70/30?
2-12 hours
67
What is the duration of Novolin 70/30?
Up to 24 hours
68
What is the onset of Novolog 70/30?
10-20 min
69
What is the peak of Novolog 70/30?
1-4 hours
70
What is the duration of Novolog 70/30?
Up to 24 hours
71
What is the onset of Humulin 50/50?
30 min
72
What is the peak of Humulin 50/50?
2-5 hours
73
What is the duration of Humulin 50/50?
18-24 hours
74
What is the onset of Humalog mix 75/25?
15 min
75
What is the peak of Humalog mix 75/25?
30 min-21/2 hours
76
What is the duration of Humalog mix 75/25?
16-20 hours
77
When are pre-mixed insulins generally taken?
These products are generally taken twice a day before mealtime
78
What is the appearance of pre-mixed insulins?
Appearance is CLOUDY
79
What are pre-mixed insulins a combination of?
Premixed insulins are a combination of specific proportions of intermediate-acting and short-acting insulin in one bottle or insulin pen (the numbers following the brand name indicate the percentage of each type of insulin)

Advanced Pharmacology Nrsg 107 (5 decks)

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