Ch. 55: Carpus, Meta, Digits Flashcards
Neville-Towle VSURG 2018
3D kinematics of canine carpal bones imaged with CT after ex vivo axial limb loading & palmar ligament transection
Motions found in all evaluated carpal bones?
What motion also detected in IMRC bone?
Transection of PRL and/or PUC ligaments influence compared to normal limb?
Sagittal plane extension with lesser component of valgus motion was found in all evaluated carpal bones
RCB (intermedioradiocarpal bone) supination was also detected during extension
Compared with normal intact limb, transection of either or both the PRL (palmar radiocarpal) & PUL (palmar ulnocarpal) did not influence MEAN translation or rotation data or limb load
BUT The transection of PRL & PUL increased the VARIANCE in rotation data compared w/ intact limb
Castelli VSURG 2019
Comparison between high-field 3 Tesla MRI & CT w/ & w/o arthrography for visualization of canine carpal ligaments: a cadaveric study
Best visualization with what?
MR vs CT?
CT vs CTA?
MRA improved visualization of the majority of carpal ligaments compare w/ MRI & offered the best visualization overall
MRI & MRA offered better visualization vs CT and CTA
No difference between CT & CTA
Milgram VCOT 2019
Contribution of palmar radiocarpal & ulnocarpal ligaments to the stability of the canine antebrachiocarpal joint
How did intact vs transected ligaments affect translation/rotations?
How did flexion / extension angle affect?
No differences found between the translations and rotations of the manus relative to the radius & ulna w/ the ligaments intact & the ligaments transected at any of the carpal angles tested except at 15° of flexion
Increasing the angle of flexion resulted in Sig. increase in cranial/caudal translation of the manus relative to the radius & ulna both in intact and transected specimens
Castilla VCOT 2020
Carpal extension angles in agility dogs exiting the A-frame & hurdle jumps
Carpal extension angles with A frame and hurdle jumps - with brace - vs no brace?
Conclusion?
Without the carpal brace, mean carpal extension angle in dogs participating in A-frame 124.7° and hurdle jumps 123.3°
With the carpal brace, mean carpal extension angles 129° A-frame and 125.3° hurdle jumps
There was no clinically significant reduction as defined (> 10°) with brace
González-Rellán VRU 2023
Ultrasonographic anatomy of the palmar region of the carpus of the dog
Findings from this study can serve as a reference for evaluating dogs w/ suspected injury involving the palmar carpal region using ultrasonography.
Look at images??
Basa VCOT 2021 PQ?
Kinematics of the feline antebrachiocarpal joint from supination to pronation
Supination to pronation caused what in proximal row carpal bones?
ACB had what compared to other CB?
RCB had what compared to others?
Most rotation around what axis?
Conclusion about proximal row carpal bones?
Conclusion about feline carpal joint?
After carpus was rotated from initial supinated position to pronation there was significant translation (x, y and z plane) and rotation (x and y planes) of the proximal row of carpal bones
ACB had significantly greater absolute magnitude of translation along the x-axis compared to other bones.
RCB had significantly greater absolute magnitude of translation around the Y and Z-axis compared to other bones
Most rotation was around the x-axis (supination/pronation)
*** Conclusion: proximal row of carpal bones translate and rotate independently from the ulna in the cat during pronation of the antebrachium
*** Feline carpal joint is not truly a ginglymus because other motion than flexion/extension occurs
*** potential previous Q
Basa JFMS 2023 *** same author as PQ?
Anatomy of the distal radioulnar ligament in cats
Gross exam findings (3)?
- shape/location
- composition of ligament
- location of articular cartilage
Conclusions?
Gross exam: distal radioulnar ligament could be seen as a triangular-shaped structure extending between the dorsal surface of the distal radius and ulna.
The centre of the ligament had a greater density of tightly packed collagen fibres, while fibrocartilage was identified at the site of both the radial and ulnar entheses.
Articular cartilage was noted to extend to the most proximal part of the bulbous portion of the distal ulna and corresponding axial aspect of the distal radius.
Conclusion: In the cat, there appears to be a less extensive interosseous component of the distal radioulnar ligament compared with the dog and cheetah. Instead, the ligament follows the articular surfaces of the distal radius and ulna.
These anatomical differences may account for increased rotation of the feline antebrachium and have clinical implications, particularly with regard to the management of antebrachiocarpal joint injuries.
Chong VCOT 2022
Retrospective comparison of titanium hybrid locking plate with stainless steel hybrid dynamic compression plate for pancarpal arthrodesis: 23 dogs
Diff in median metacarpal coverage?
Diff in arthrodesis angle & MC width to screw d?
Comp diff?
ALPS failed how?
DCP failed how?
Diff in function outcome?
titanium hybrid advanced locking plate system (ALPS) & stainless steel hybrid dynamic compression plate (HDCP)
Median metacarpal coverage (MCov) higher for ALPS compared to DCP (74% vs 56.5%)
No difference between carpal arthrodesis angle and metacarpal width to screw diameter between groups
Major and minor complications and surgical site infection rates were not different between groups
Plate fracture in 2/15 ALPS and screw loosening occurred in 4/14 DCP
Full function in 8/12 ALPS and 8/11 DCP (not different)
Petazzoni JAVMA 2022
Outcome of rest with or without bandaging for treatment of carpal flexural contracture deformities in puppies: 47 puppies and 75 joints (2000-2018)
Response rate to conservative mgmt?
Last visit exam findings?
Mean time to recovery? Faster in what group?
Faster with what treatment(s)?
Diff in recovery times bw diff severity grades?
All dogs responded to conservative management
All regained full extension and ambulated normally at last visit
Mean time to recovery was 2.9 weeks
Overall faster with rest and bandaging
Grade 1-2 severity, mean time did not differ between treatments
Grade 3 severity had shorter recovery time treated with rest and bandaging compared to rest alone
PQ Ramirez Vet Surg 2016
Pancarpal Arthrodesis Without Rigid Coaptation Using the Hybrid Dynamic Compression Plate in Dogs
% successful outcome
effect of coaptation? PQ
Thirteen owners (87%) judged the results of surgery as excellent and 2 (13%) judged the results of surgery as good. Minor complications (4 limbs; 23%) were occasional episodes of mild lameness in 3 dogs and 3 episodes of discharging sinus tracts in a single dog. Major complications (3 limbs; 17%) included 1 surgical site infection and implant failure in a 43 kg dog with an active leishmaniasis infection and a concurrent bilateral sacro-iliac luxation. Two dogs developed episodes of discharging sinus tract and pain over the most distal screw that eventually necessitated plate removal.
- PCA without rigid coaptation can successfully be performed using the Hybrid Dynamic Compression Plate. *
Brown VSURG 2016 PQ
Highly Comminuted, Articular Fractures of the Distal Antebrachium Managed by Pancarpal Arthrodesis in 8 Dogs
Prognosis? PQ
11 complications recorded in 7/8 dogs, including 1 catastrophic, 5 major, and 5 minor complications.
Pancarpal arthrodesis allowed a full functional outcome in 3 dogs and an acceptable outcome in 3.
Conclusion: Comminuted articular fractures of the distal radius and ulna are complex injuries and have a similar presentation to pathologic fractures. Surgical management by pancarpal arthrodesis is associated with a high risk of complication and a guarded prognosis for a full functional outcome.
