CH. 57 Pediatric Dentistry

Question 1

is the child’s actual age in terms of years and months.

Answer 1

chronologic age

Question 2

refers to the child’s level of intellectual capacity and development.

Answer 2

mental age

Question 3

describes the child’s level of emotional maturity.

Answer 3

emotional maturity

Question 4

advantage of open bay concept in a pediatric dental office

Answer 4

it provides reassurance by allowing pediatric patients to see other children who are receiving care.

Question 5

The program of study and hands-on experience prepares the pediatric specialist to meet the needs of :

Answer 5

infants, children, adolescents, and persons with special needs.

Question 6

A well-known psychiatrist who formulated the stages of socialization of children and teenagers

Answer 6

Erik Erikson

Question 7

the stage where the the child requires control and structure in his or her environment.

Answer 7

play age (3-5) years

Question 8

is the period of socialization, which involves learning to “get along” with people, learning the rules and guidelines of society, and learning to accept these social requirements

children at this age have learned to overcome fears of objects and situations that were once quite frightening to them.

Answer 8

School age

Question 9

Self-determination. Childhood process of becoming independent.

Answer 9

autonomy

Question 10

Erikson’s Stages of Development

Answer 10

-Learning basic trust
-Learning Autonomy
-Play age
-School age
-Adolescense

Question 11

The child has all of the basic needs met and is well handled, nurtured, and loved, to develop trust and security.

Answer 11

Learning basic trust

Question 12

This is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring during the period from puberty to young adulthood

ages 12 to 20, young people acquire self-certainty

Answer 12

Adolescence

Question 13

Dr. Spencer Frankl developed one of the most widely used systems, to measure a pediatric patient’s behavior

Answer 13

Frankl Scale

Question 14

Frankl Scale for Pediatric Dental Patient Behavior

Answer 14

1. Definitely negatice
   2.Negative
   3.Positive
   4.Definitely positive

Question 15

Refusal of treatment, crying forcefully, fearful, other evidence of extreme negativism

Answer 15

definitely negative

Question 16

Reluctance to accept treatment; uncooperative; some evidence of negative attitude but not pronounced, that is, no sudden withdrawal

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

Acceptance of treatment; cautious at times; willingness to comply, at times with reservation, but follows directions

Answer 17

positive

Question 18

Good rapport with dentist; interested in dental procedures; laughing and enjoying the situation

Answer 18

definitely positive

Question 19

Dental procedures can be accomplished for patients of all ages if the dental team practices the following procedural guidelines:

Answer 19

• Be honest with the child
  -Use helpful child languages
  -Tell, show, and do
  -Give positive reinforcement

Question 20

___________ (speaking calmly but firmly) will usually prevent the need for additional steps.

Answer 20

voice control

Question 21

The use of restraint can be either _______ or
_______ to help lessen a patient’s movement or activity to a minimum.

Answer 21

pharmacologic
physical

Question 22

_____ is the most frequently used sedation, and ________ agents administered orally are the second most use pharmacologic techniques with children

Answer 22

ntirous oxide

sedative/antianxiety

Question 23

Additional steps for restraining a child can be taken with the use of ______ ______

Answer 23

protective stabilization

Question 24

any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely.

Answer 24

protective stabilization

Question 25

a device that gently “hugs” or wraps around the child's arms, legs, and middle section during a procedure. can be adapted for the younger child who has been sedated or for the patient with special needs who may have limited control of his or her movement.

Answer 25

papoose board

Question 26

What dictates whether treatment is provided in the pediatric dental office or in the hospital setting.

Answer 26

severity of each patients disorder

Question 27

a state of functioning that begins in childhood and is characterized by limitations in intelligence and in adaptive skills.

Answer 27

intellectual disability

Question 28

describes individuals with intelligence quotients (IQs) ranging from 50 up to 70. These individuals characteristically develop social and communication skills during the preschool years, with minimal impairment in sensorimotor areas; they often seem to be developing normally until a later age.

Answer 28

mild intellectual disability

Question 29

describes individuals with IQs ranging from 35 up to 55. These individuals talk or learn to communicate during the preschool years.

Answer 29

moderate intellectual disability

Question 30

describes individuals with IQs ranging from 20 up to 40. During the preschool period, these individuals display poor motor development and acquire little or no communicative speech.

Answer 30

severe intellectual disability

Question 31

describes individuals with IQs below 20 to 25. During the early years, these children display minimal capacity for sensorimotor functioning. A highly structured environment with constant aid and supervision is necessary throughout life.

Answer 31

profound intellectual disability

Question 32

Chromosomal defect that results in abnormal physical characteristics and mental impairment; also called trisomy 21

Answer 32

down syndrome

Question 33

The common physical characteristics unique to a Down patient are

Answer 33

- back of the head is flattened -eyes are slanted and almond shaped - bridge of the nose is slightly depressed.

Question 34

Frequently, patients with Down syndrome have anomalies in dental development. Eruption of teeth may be delayed, with the primary incisors not erupting until after _ year of age. Teeth may be small and peg-shaped, often with malocclusion.

Answer 34

1

Question 35

patients with disabilities such as down syndrome should be approached in terms of______ and abilities, not in terms of chronologic age.

Answer 35

mental age

Question 36

a developmental disorder that affects how information is processed in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize.

Answer 36

autism

Question 37

Signs of autism disorder are evident before a child reaches __ years of age,

Answer 37

3

Question 38

autism can be characterized by :

Answer 38

-Difficulty in social interaction, -Difficulty in verbal and nonverbal communication -Repetitive behaviors.

Question 39

Patients with autism are often receiving psychotropic medications, which can cause _____

Answer 39

xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 40

a broad term that is used to describe a group of nonprogressive neural disorders caused by prenatal or postnatal brain damage before the central nervous system has reached maturity

Answer 40

cerebral palsy

Question 41

The resultant brain damage of cerebral palsy manifests (presents) as a malfunction of motor centers and is characterized by:

Answer 41

-paralysis -muscle weakness - lack of coordination -disorders of motor function.

Question 42

Cerebral palsy most often is classified according to the type of ____ __________

Answer 42

motor disturbance

Question 43

The two most common types of motor disturbance in Cerebral palsy :

Answer 43

spasticity athetosis

Question 44

is characterized by a state of increased muscle tension that manifests as an exaggerated stretch reflex.

Answer 44

spasticity

Question 45

marked by uncontrollable, involuntary, purposeless, and poorly coordinated movements of the body, face, and extremities; grimacing, drooling, and speech defects are present.

Answer 45

athetosis

Question 46

When should the first dental appointment for a child take place?

Answer 46

around their 1st bday or when the first tooth erupts

Question 47

when should a child start to have regular dental examinations ?

Answer 47

2 years old

Question 48

The medical and dental history should include information about what?

Answer 48

childs general medical and dental health background

Question 49

Specific Information Noted in the Pediatric Medical history

Answer 49

-past hospitalizations while under general anesthesia -date of last visit to dr. -medications taken in the past -daily medications -allergies -weight at birth -parental report on level of learning

Question 50

Specific Information Noted in the Pediatric dental history

Answer 50

• Primary concern about the child's dental health • Satisfaction with appearance of teeth • Bleeding gums with brushing • Finger, thumb, or pacifier habits • Fluoride and toothbrush habits • Inherited family dental characteristics

Question 51

Depending on the child's age, the dentist will complete these examinations:

Answer 51

extraoral exam intraoral soft tissue exam (includes charting and radiographs)

Question 52

The AAPD recommends radiographs every __months for children with a high risk for tooth decay

Answer 52

6

Question 53

A radiographic examination is necessary if a complete diagnosis is to be made. t or f

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

is used to evaluate the patient's profile to determine skeletal characteristics. Any facial deviation or asymmetry of the eyes, ears, or nose may be a symptom of an undiagnosed syndrome, and the child should be referred to an appropriate professional for complete evaluation.

Answer 54

extraoral examination

Question 55

evaluates the child's gingiva and periodontium using a gingival score and/or a periodontal plaque score

Answer 55

intraoral soft tissue examination

Question 56

The primary or mixed dentition is examined with the _______to determine spacing and crowding of teeth

Answer 56

occlusion

Question 57

The role of the pediatric dentist is to communicate the importance of preventive dental health in such areas as

Answer 57

oral hygiene fluoride use diet preventive procedures

Question 58

The AAPD recommends a dental checkup _____ a year for most children

Answer 58

twice

Question 59

Children between the ages of _ months and __ years should have a daily intake of fluoride.

Answer 59

6 16

Question 60

a gel-like substance designed to release fluoride on enamel and root structure good for patients who are more susceptible to decay.

Answer 60

flouride varnish

Question 61

protects the grooved and pitted surfaces of teeth, especially the chewing surfaces of back teeth, where most cavities in children are found

Answer 61

sealants

Question 62

allows the dentist to prevent or eliminate irregularities and malposition in the developing dentofacial region.

Answer 62

preventative treatment

Question 63

Preventive orthodontics includes the following:

Answer 63

-CONTROL decay -use of SPACE MAINTAINER -use of APLLIANCES to correct oral habits -EARLY DETECTIONof genetic and congenital anomalies - SUPERVISION of the natural exfoliation (shedding) of the primary teeth.

Question 64

allows the dentist to intercede or correct problems as they develop.

Answer 64

Interceptive treatment

Question 65

Three types of mouth guards are used for contact sports :

Answer 65

-commercial mouth guards -mouth-formed protectors -CUSTOM-fitted vacuum-formed guards.

Question 66

Primary teeth are charted with the same classifications as permanent teeth, and amalgam and composite resin materials are used for restorative purposes. The only difference is that the pediatric dentist adapts to a smaller dentition and mouth size by using special instruments, accessories, and techniques. T OR F

Answer 66

TRUE

Question 67

what can you tell a child when you are placing rubber dam on their tooth

Answer 67

tell them you are placing "raincoat" for the tooth

Question 68

Two types of matrices are used when primary teeth are restored

Answer 68

t band spot welded band

Question 69

Deep caries is much more likely to affect the _____ teeth, and _____ is much more likely to affect the anterior teeth.

Answer 69

posterior trauma

Question 70

Indirect and direct pulp capping can be indicated for a newly erupted ______ tooth to promote pulpal healing and stimulate the production of reparative dentin

Answer 70

permanent

Question 71

the complete removal of the coronal portion of the dental pulp. The goal of this procedure is to remove the portion of the pulp that is inflamed while maintaining the healthy vital pulp tissue within the canals of the primary tooth

Answer 71

pulpotamy

Question 72

A pulpotomy can be accomplished with two different types of medicaments:

Answer 72

-Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) -calcium hydroxide pulpotomy

Question 73

A stainless-steel crown is the restoration of choice for the following reasons:

Answer 73

• can be prepared and placed at a single appointment, •durable to last until the primary teeth are replaced by the permanent teeth. • almost always well tolerated by the gingiva of young patients. • much less expensive than cast restorations.

Question 74

The two types of crowns typically used in pediatric dentistry are :

Answer 74

pretrimmed and precontoured stainless steel crowns.

Question 75

type of crowns that have straight sides but undergo festooning to follow a line parallel to the gingival crest. These must be trimmed and contoured to fit the tooth.

Answer 75

pretrimmed crowns

Question 76

type of crowns that are already festooned and contoured. Some additional trimming and contouring may be necessary, but this need is usually minimal.

Answer 76

precontoured crowns

Question 77

Injuries to primary teeth commonly occur around __ to __ years of age—the “toddler” stage

Answer 77

1 - 2/12 years

Question 78

most frequently injured teeth in primary dentition

Answer 78

maxillary central incisors

Question 79

when a primary teeth is injured, can the permanent teeth under it be affected as well?

Answer 79

yes

Question 80

when would Complete documentation of an accident, clinical examination, vitality testing, and radiographic examination are completed at the emergency visit be done?.

Answer 80

fractures of the child's anterior teeth

Question 81

The dentist often prefers to delay restorative treatment for _ to _ weeks after a tooth fracture to avoid any further trauma to the pulp of an injured tooth.

Answer 81

3-6

Question 82

during the recovery period after a fracture injury what will the dentist do?

Answer 82

(1) provide temporary relief by covering all exposed dentin with calcium hydroxide to prevent thermal sensitivity (2) place an interim covering of resin material.

Question 83

is the result of an injury in which the tooth is forcibly driven into the alveolus so that only a portion of the crown is visible.

Answer 83

intrusion

Question 84

injuries that occur when the teeth are displaced from their position.

Answer 84

Extrusion and lateral luxation injuries

Question 85

Primary teeth tend to undergo root resorption more quickly after injuries of this type, and they tend to become mobile.

Answer 85

Extrusion and lateral luxation injuries

Question 86

what kind of avulsed teeth will not be replanted

Answer 86

primary teeth

Question 87

Torn away or dislodged by force.

Answer 87

avulsed

Question 88

what do you do with an avulsed tooth

Answer 88

• Recover the tooth immediately. • Wrap the tooth in moistened piece of cloth or towel. • Go immediately to the dentist's office.

Question 89

The success rate for replantation of permanent teeth is highest when the tooth is replanted within __ minutes of the accident

Answer 89

30

Question 90

What to Include When Reporting Child Abuse

Answer 90

• Name, address, gender, age, height, and weight of the child • Name and address of the adult who has custody of the child • Description of the current physical and emotional abuse or neglect of the child • Evidence of previous injuries or negligence • Information that may assist in establishing the causes of injuries • Sketches or photographs documenting the nature and location of injuries

Question 91

the specialized area of dentistry that focuses on providing oral healthcare according to the needs of infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special needs

Answer 91

pediatric dentistry

Question 92

The pediatric patient is treated with the same ____ of dignity and ____ as is provided to an adult.

Answer 92

respect individuality

Question 93

The rapport developed during the________ can establish an attitude toward dental health that will last for a child's lifetime.

Answer 93

initial examinatoin

Question 94

Examples of Ways to Include a Young Child in a Procedure

Answer 94

• Have the child select the type of safety eyewear that he or she would like to wear today. • Say to the child, “Point to the tooth you would like me to start with.” • Have the child point to the tooth that was “smiling for the camera” (radiograph). • Allow the child to choose the flavor of fluoride. • Ask the child to hold the saliva ejector during the procedure.