Ch 6

Question 1

Optogenetics

Answer 1

In vivo
Genes express light-activated ion channels

Question 2

Microdialysis

Answer 2

In vivo
Measures neurotransmitters in specific brain region while engaged in behavior
Must extract extracellular fluid

Question 3

In vivo voltammetry

Answer 3

In vivo
Repetitively measures neurotransmitter release/metabolism without extracting samples or sacrificing animals
Only DA, NE, 5-HT only

Question 4

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 4

In vitro
Tagged antibodies bind to a specific neurotransmitter or enzyme
Fix sample + look for antibodies

Question 5

In-situ hybridization

Answer 5

In vitro
Tagged cRNA binds to RNA or DNA

Question 6

Dopamine(DA)

Answer 6

Catecholamine
Executive functions
From L-dopa
Ventral tegmental area

Question 7

Norepinephrine(NE)

Answer 7

Catecholamine
Alertness, attention, sleep
Synthesized from DA
Locus coerueus

Question 8

Epinephrine(EP)

Answer 8

Catecholamine
Fight-or-flight response
From NE
Brainstem + peripheral regions (ANS)

Question 9

Serotonin

Answer 9

Indolamine
Sleep, mood, aggression
Raphe nuclei

Question 10

Tryptophan hydroxylase

Answer 10

Rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin production

Question 11

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Answer 11

Rate-limiting enzyme for DA, NE, and EP

Question 12

Glutamate

Answer 12

Amino Acid
Excitatory
Present in 1/2 of all synapses
Learning/memory

Question 13

Glycine

Answer 13

Amino acid
Usually inhibitory
Brainstem/spinal cord

Question 14

GABA

Answer 14

Amino acid
From Glutamate, synthesized by GAD
Usually inhibitory
In interneurons in rest of brain (where Gly isn’t)

Question 15

GABA aminotransferase

Answer 15

In astrocytes
Converts GABA to glutamate
In mitochondria

Question 16

Glutamine synthetase

Answer 16

In astrocytes
Makes glutamate into glutamine

Question 17

Acetylcholine esterase (AChE)

Answer 17

Secreted by muscle cells into synapse
Degrades acetylcholine into choline