Ch. 6

Question 1

What are the 2 categories of essential nutrients?

Answer 1

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Question 2

Any substance that must be provided to an organism (because the organism cannot manufacture by itself) is called an ________

Answer 2

Essential Nutrient

Question 3

The molecules of organic nutrients contain ______ and ______

Answer 3

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

An organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic from is called a _______

Answer 4

heterotroph

Question 5

An organism that uses inorganic carbon dioxide as its carbon source is called an _______ or “self-feeder”

Answer 5

autotroph- since autotrophs can convert CO2 into an organic compound, they are not nutritionally dependent on other living things.

Question 6

Microbes that gain energy from photosynthesis are called ________

Answer 6

phototrophs

Question 7

Microbes that gain energy by metabolizing nutrients from other organisms are called ______

Answer 7

chemotrophs

Question 8

______ makes up the majority of cytoplasmic volume

Answer 8

water

Question 9

What are the essential nutrients for microbes

Answer 9

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Sulfur (CHONPS)

Question 10

When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 10

diffusion

Question 11

______ solutions have a tonicity that is the same as the body’s plasma

Answer 11

isotonic

Question 12

_____ solutions have a tonicity that is higher than the body’s plasma

Answer 12

hypertonic

Question 13

____ solutions have a tonicity that is lower than the body’s plasma

Answer 13

hypotonic

Question 14

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ______

Answer 14

osmosis

Question 15

What term is used to describe the lowest temperature in which a microbe can survive?

Answer 15

Minimum Temperature

Question 16

True or False: Microbial Cells can maintain a constant internal temperature regardless of the temperature of their environment.

Answer 16

False. Microbial cells are unable to control their temperature and therefore take on the ambient temperature of their habitat.

Question 17

The highest temperature that supports a microbe’s growth and metaoblism

Answer 17

Maximum Temperature

Question 18

Mid-range between minimum and maximum temperature that that promotes fastest growth and metabolism

Answer 18

optimal temperature

Question 19

An organism that grows optimally in the cold is called a ______

Answer 19

psychrophile

Question 20

An organism that grows optimally in moderate temperatures is called a _______

Answer 20

mesophile

Question 21

An organism that grows optimally in high temperatures is called a ______

Answer 21

thermophile

Question 22

Which gas has the greatest impact on microbial growth?

Answer 22

oxygen

Question 23

Microbes that live in hypertonic conditions

Answer 23

osmophiles

Question 24

Prefer high concentrations of salt

Answer 24

halophiles

Question 25

A bacterium that requires carbon dioxide at higher levels than that of the atmosphere

Answer 25

capnophiles

Question 26

Any microbe that grows best in an environment without oxygen

Answer 26

anaerobe

Question 27

______ exists when organisms live in a mutually beneficial relationship

Answer 27

mutualism

Question 28

In a ______ relationship, the member called the _______ receives benefits, while its partner is neither harmed or benefited.

Answer 28

commensalism; commensal

Question 29

Relationship where host provides organism with nutrients and a habitat

Answer 29

parasitism

Question 30

General term for a situation where 2 organisms live together in a close relationship

Answer 30

symbiosis

Question 31

Association between 2 free-living species that arises when members of a community compete

Answer 31

antagonism

Question 32

The production of inhibitory compounds such as antibiotics

Answer 32

antibiosis

Question 33

An interrelationship between 2 or more free-living organisms that benefits them but is not necessary for their survival

Answer 33

Synergism

Question 34

Process in which bacteria grow

Answer 34

binary fission

Question 35

What is the most relevant aspect to bacterial growth

Answer 35

Their numbers (population size)

Question 36

List the 4 stages in the normal growth curve of a bacterial cell

Answer 36

Lag Phase, Exponential Growth (or Log Phase), Stationary Growth Phase, Death Phase