Ch 6-9

Question 0

What are components of skeletal system

Answer 0

Bones, ligaments, tendons

Question 1

What tissues are present in bone?

Answer 1

Not muscle

Question 2

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 2

Support, protect, assists in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, enclose brain

Question 3

What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood?

Answer 3

Hemopoeitic tissues develops red bone marrow that produces red cells, white cells, blood cells

Question 4

What is found at the ends of long bones?

Answer 4

Articulate cartilage, epiphysis

Question 5

Which membrane lines the medullary cavity of long bone?

Answer 5

Endosteum

Question 6

What is true concerning bone history

Answer 6

50% crystalized mineral salts

Question 7

Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing bone matrix lost due to an injury

Answer 7

Osteoblasts

Question 8

Describe compact bone

Answer 8

Arranged in units called osteons

Question 9

What is found within compact bone

Answer 9

Canaliculi, osteocytes, concentric llamellae, perforating and central canals

Question 10

Which structures allow communication between blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum and endosteum

Answer 10

Central canal

Question 11

How are the alignment of osteons in compact bone arranged

Answer 11

Along lines of stress

Question 12

Describe spongy bone

Answer 12

Houses red bone marrow

Question 13

What is true of bone scans

Answer 13

Determines density of bone

Question 14

Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of long bone

Answer 14

Diaphyseal arteries and veins

Question 15

What is the relationship of nerves and bones

Answer 15

Nerves follow blood vessels to supply bones

Question 16

Explain bone formation

Answer 16

Requires placement of pre existing connective tissue

Question 17

What forms intramembranous ossification

Answer 17

Mandible, flat plates of skull, bone that replaces soft spots on infant skull

Question 18

What happens to the bone matrix during intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

Trabeculae develop and fuse to form spongy bone

Question 19

Compare intramembranous ossification to endochondral ossification

Answer 19

Endochondral ossification allows both interstitial and appositional growth

Question 20

What is the name of the processes that cause bone to increase in size

Answer 20

Diameter: appositional growth
Length: interstitial growth

Question 21

What is the epiphyseal plate

Answer 21

Consists of 4 zones of chondrocytes

Question 22

What is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Answer 22

Filled with large chrondrocytes that are accumulating glycogen

Question 23

Which event must occur first in appositional bone growth

Answer 23

Differentiation of periosteal cells into osteoblasts

Question 24

What is required for proper bone growth

Answer 24

All of the above

Question 25

Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth of the epiphyseal plate in both men and women as they end adolescence

Answer 25

Estrogen

Question 26

Explain bone remodeling

Answer 26

Requires activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 27

Explain breakdown of bone matrix

Answer 27

Bone resorption

Question 28

The pediatrician tells the parents that their child has a greenstick fracture. In laymen's terms what is a greenstick fracture

Answer 28

Partial break that results in one side of broken bone bending

Question 29

What are events of fracture repair in the order in which they occur

Answer 29

Fracture hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, honey callus forms, bone remodeling

Question 30

Why is the regulation of ca2+ so critical to homeostasis

Answer 30

Ca2+ important for proper neuron function and cardiac/skeletal muscle contraction

Question 31

Which hormone is most important in regulating the movement of ca2+ between blood and bones

Answer 31

Parathyroid hormone

Question 32

How does pth elevate blood ca2+ levels

Answer 32

Increasing number and activity of osteoclasts

Question 33

What happens when calcitonin levels rise

Answer 33

Osteoclasts activity is inhibited

Question 34

What happens in aging process of bones

Answer 34

Loss of bone mass and brittleness

Question 35

Why are bone important

Answer 35

Protect soft tissues of the body, serve as atomical landmark, entire framework of bone and cartilage constitutes the skeletal system

Question 36

What makes up the musculoskeletal system

Answer 36

Bones, joints, skeletal muscles

Question 37

How many bones are found in the adult skeleton

Answer 37

206 (80 axial,126 appendicular)

Question 38

Which bone type is typically found in ligaments or tendons

Answer 38

Sesamoid bone

Question 39

Why are adult long bones usually slightly curved

Answer 39

Curves allow mechanical stress to be evenly distributed

Question 40

What causes bone surface markings

Answer 40

Develop in response to stress placed on bone

Question 41

A point of contacted between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth is called

Answer 41

Joint arthrosis, articulation

Question 42

Structural classification of a joint is based one

Answer 42

Anatomical characteristics, type that link them together, space between the bones, presence or absence of synovial cavity

Question 43

I student examining a joint observes collagen rich connective tissue fibers linking the bones, but finds no synovial cavity. Which structural classification fits the observed joint

Answer 43

Fibrous

Question 44

What are examples of synarthrosis

Answer 44

Skull sutures, teeth in sockets

Question 45

Explain sutures

Answer 45

Interlocking edges reduce likelihood of fracture

Question 46

What is true of all synovial joints

Answer 46

All diathrosis

Question 47

What is synovial fluid

Answer 47

Absorbs mechanical shock. Lubricates diathrotic joints, reduces friction

Question 48

Some synovial joints are strengthened by joints that lie outside the articulate capsule or outside of folds of synovial membrane. Such ligaments are called

Answer 48

Extra capsular ligaments

Question 49

What are mensici

Answer 49

Helps bones fit together