Ch 6 and 8 Review

Question 1

What term describes a lesion with cystic and solid components?

Answer 1

Complex

Question 2

What are the criteria of a simple cyst?

Answer 2

Smooth borders, anechoic, through transmission, and round shape

Question 3

Why is a 2 - 5 MHz transducer generally utilized for imaging the liver?

Answer 3

The lower frequencies allow for better penetration because liver is a large organ

Question 4

Which composition is often confirmed by the presence of a shadowing effect?

Answer 4

Bone

Question 5

What sonographic feature is consistent with a benign cystic mass?

Answer 5

Smooth borders

Question 6

T/F: A solid mass has irregular borders, sound decreased transmission and internal echoes

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Homogeneous

Answer 7

Completely uniform in texture or composition

Question 8

Isoechoic

Answer 8

Without internal echoes; The structure is fluid filled and transmit sound easily

Question 9

Heterogeneous

Answer 9

Not uniform in texture or composition

Question 10

Infiltrating

Answer 10

Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease

Question 11

Hyperechoic

Answer 11

• Opposite of anechoic
• Echo-producing structure
• Reflects sound with a brighter intensity

Question 12

Which array transducer is used to survey (scan) the abdomen?

Answer 12

Curvilinear transducer

Question 13

What is a role of a sonographer?

Answer 13

• To differentiate normal tissue from abnormal tissue
  
  • Cells make up tissues
  • When we are scanning an organ, we are looking for abnormal tissue so we must know what is normal
• Document and discuss those findings with a radiologist
• But we do not diagnose— we describe what we see with a sonographic description of the pathology
  
  • We only describe what we see sonographically

Question 14

The criteria for abnormalities involve which of the following?
- Decreased transmission of sound
- Increased transmission of sound
- Unchanged
- All of the above

Answer 14

All of the above

Question 15

What are the differences between an artery and a vein?

Answer 15

Arteries
- Arteries can blood away from the heart
- Enclosed within a sheath that includes a vein and nerve
- The pulsatile abdominal aorta will not change in diameter with changes in respiration
Veins
- Veins carry blood to the heart and back from the tissues
- Have valves to prevent backflow
- Appear collapsed (little elastic tissue or muscle within their walls)
- Have a larger total diameter than the arteries
- Move blood more slowly

Question 16

Describe the division and collection of blood from arteries to the heart (Recirculation)

Answer 16

1. Left ventricle
2. Aorta
3. Artery
4. Arteriole
5. Capillary
6. Venule
7. Larger vessels
8. Vein
9. IVC
10. Right atrium

Question 17

Name and define the layers of the artery and vein. Which vessel has the least elastic tissue and smooth muscle?

Answer 17

(1) Tunica intima (inner layer), which itself has three layers

• A layer of endothelial cells lining the arterial passage (lumen)
• A layer of delicate connective tissue
• An elastic layer made up of a network of elastic fibers
  (2) Tunica media (middle layer)
• Smooth muscle fibers with elastic and collagenous tissue

(3) Tunica adventitia (external layer)

• Loose connective tissue with bundles of smooth muscle fibers and elastic tissue
  
  • The vasa vasorum makes up the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
• Veins have the least amount of elasticity and smooth muscle because arteries handle the pressure and movement in blood

Question 18

Which vessel is the largest principal artery in the body?

Answer 18

Aorta

Question 19

The first major branch of the abdominal aorta is the ____ ____

Answer 19

celiac trunk

Question 20

The ____ is the second major branch off of the abdominal aorta

Answer 20

superior mesenteric artery

Question 21

The ____ ____ ____ is the last major branch off the abdominal aorta before the aortic bifurcation

Answer 21

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 22

The ____ ____ artery courses rightward from the celiac artery

Answer 22

common hepatic