Ch. 6: Cell Structure Flashcards
(31 cards)
Light microscope (LM)
light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image. Can see movment.
Scanning electron microscope (SEMs)
Focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3D. Shows smaller structures and kills it too.
Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs)
focus a beam of electrons through a specimen, show internal structure, cross section. Kills it. Image.
4 traits of all cells
- Cell membrane
- Cytosol (semifluid)
- Chromosomes
- Ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells have no…
Nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and their dna is floating around the nucleoid area.
Nucleus
contains most of the cells genes
nuclear envelope and its pores
double membrane (lipid bilayer) that encloses the nucleus, seperating it from the cytoplasm.
pores: regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus
Nuclear lamina
provides support/scaffolding to the nucleus. Comprised of protein.
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus. Where ribosomes are made to then exit and assemble protein in the cytoplasm.
Free ribosomes
makes proteins in cytosol, and used in cytosol
Bound ribosomes
Proteins that are made by ribosomes bound to a membrane, proteins are shipped out.
Endomembrane system
a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Makes lipids like oils, phospholipids, steroids (hormones), lots in testes, ovaries, liver. Detoxifies/ breaks down poison. No ribosomes.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has bound ribosomes that distributes transport vesicles containing proteins. Makes the membranes for the cell. Ribosomes make its surface studded.
Golgi apparatus
Flattened membranous sacs. Acts as shipping center. Modifies, stores, and ships products of the er. Manufactures certain macromolecules. Polar.
Lysosome
is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes (enzymes that break down molecules) that can digest macromolecules. If many break, can lyse (digest) the cell.
Central vacuole:
In plant cells, holds organic compounds and water
Contractile vacuoles
pump excess water out of cell. found in many freshwater protists
Mitochondria
sites of cellular resperation, a metabolic process that generates ATP. In nearly all eukaryotic cells.
Chloroplasts and their Thylakoids and Stroma
are the cites of photosynthesis
Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum
Stroma, the internal fluid
Peroxisomes
transfer/break down hydrogen to oxogen producing hydrogen peroxide and converts it into water. Ex. Liver and alcohol.
Motor proteins
produce motility.
Microtubules
the thickest and are for motility/movement. Cilia and flagella.
Intermediate fillaments
support cell shape and fix organelles in place. Keratin. Hair nail horns.
