Ch 6 Global Observation, Mental Functions, and Components of Mobility and Function

Question 1

Global Observation

Answer 1

Demeanor or emotion
Appearance
Facial expression, voice, and body language
Source of pain or dysfunction
Compare with what patient says
Posture
Mobility/locomotion
Gait

Question 2

Communication Assessment

Answer 2

Effective communication
Messages expressed in an understandable manner
Messages received as they were intended
Deficits may result from neurological or cognitive dysfunction or disease

Question 3

Dysarthria

Answer 3

Speech difficulties due to impaired motor control

Question 4

Dysphonia

Answer 4

Difficulty in voice production

Question 5

Aphasia

Answer 5

Cognitive neurological disorder
Difficulty or inability to produce or understand language

Question 6

Wernicke’s (receptive) - Aphasia

Answer 6

Rapid, effortless speech
Out of context

Question 7

Broca’s (expressive) - Aphasia

Answer 7

Short, meaningful phrases
Requires great effort

Question 8

Global - Aphasia

Answer 8

Receptive and expressive
Usually unable to communicate

Question 9

What are the aspects of the communication assessment?

Answer 9

Language spoken
Hearing
Quantity of speech
Rate and volume of speech
Word articulation
Fluency

Question 10

Simple Tests for Communication

Answer 10

Understanding of questions
Word comprehension
Repetition
Naming
Writing

Question 11

Apraxia - Cognition Assessment

Answer 11

Impairment of cognitive processing
Inability to initiate or carry out learned purposeful tasks on command
Patient understands the task and has the desire and physical ability to complete the task
May be able to complete the task involuntarily

Question 12

Attention

Answer 12

Attend to a specific stimulus or task

Question 13

Orientation

Answer 13

Person, place, and time

Question 14

Memory

Answer 14

Immediate, short-term, and long-term recall

Question 15

Thought processes

Answer 15

Logic, coherence, and relevance

Question 16

Calculation

Answer 16

Perform written or verbal mathematical calculations

Question 17

Abstract thinking

Answer 17

Reason in an abstract fashion

Question 18

Judgment

Answer 18

Reason in a concrete fashion

Question 19

Spatial perception

Answer 19

Construct or draw an object with specific characteristics

Question 20

Body perception

Answer 20

Self-awareness of own body

Question 21

Object perception

Answer 21

Recognize objects through touch

Question 22

Sensory Perception

Answer 22

Recognize numbers, letters, or shapes “drawn” on the skin

Question 23

Mood

Answer 23

State of being
May not be outwardly expressed

Question 24

Emotion

Answer 24

Felt and often outwardly expressed
Relatively temporary and easily changed

Question 25

Common emotional/psychological disorders

Answer 25

Anxiety disorders Mood disorders Psychotic disorders Somatoform disorders Substance disorders Personality disorders

Question 26

Observation / Questionnaires - Emotional/Psychological Assess.

Answer 26

Posture and behavior Personal hygiene, grooming, and clothing Facial expression Manner, affect, and relationship to person and things

Question 27

Posture

Answer 27

Alignment of each body segment in relation to adjoining segments

Question 28

Ideal skeletal alignment

Answer 28

Body’s center of mass direction over its base of support

Question 29

Anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 29

Kyphotic-lordotic posture Increased lumbar lordosis, hips in relative flexion, lengthened hamstrings and abdominals, and shortened iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and lower back extensors

Question 30

Posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 30

Flat-back and swayback postures Flattened lumbar lordosis, hips in neutral or relative extension, lengthened iliopsoas, and shortened hamstrings and abdominals

Question 31

Structural faults

Answer 31

Result from congenital or developmental anomalies, disease, or trauma

Question 32

Functional faults

Answer 32

Result from poor postural habits

Question 33

Informal Assessment

Answer 33

Assess at first sight of patient and periodically throughout initial exam

Question 34

Formal Assessment

Answer 34

Plumb line, well-trained eyes, palpation of landmarks, removal of excess layers of clothing Landmarks in anterior, posterior, and lateral views Standing, sitting, dynamically

Question 35

Locomotion

Answer 35

The means of moving from one location to another Walking, wheeling, crawling

Question 36

Mobility

Answer 36

Body movements necessary to successfully walk, wheel, crawl

Question 37

What does assessing mobility and locomotion allow?

Answer 37

Allow patients to perform or attempt to perform tasks that are difficult Gain information regarding impairments Accurately document initial ability to perform a skill Explain why patients are performing tasks that are difficult

Question 38

Gait - Stance phase

Answer 38

60% of gait cycle Initial contact Loading response Midstance Terminal stance Preswing

Question 39

Gait - Swing phase

Answer 39

40% of gait cycle Initial swing Midswing Terminal swing

Question 40

Gait cycle

Answer 40

All components of limb advancement

Question 41

Stance phase

Answer 41

Begins when one foot makes contact with the floor and ends when same foot lifts off the floor

Question 42

Swing phase

Answer 42

Begins when one foot lifts off the floor and ends when same foot makes contact with the floor

Question 43

Stride length

Answer 43

Linear distance measured along the line of progression representing how far the body has traveled during one gait cycle

Question 44

Step length

Answer 44

Linear distance measured along the line of progression representing how far one foot has traveled relative to the other foot through one gait cycle

Question 45

Cadence

Answer 45

Number of steps taken in a specific amount of time

Question 46

Velocity -gait

Answer 46

speed of ambulation

Question 47

Width of base of support

Answer 47

Linear distance measured perpendicular to the line of progression from the center of the right point of contact to the center of the left point of contact

Question 48

Antalgic

Answer 48

Shorter stance time on painful stance leg and shorter step length on uninvolved side

Question 49

Ataxic

Answer 49

Unsteady or uncoordinated limb advancement in swing phase

Question 50

Circumduction

Answer 50

Swinging one limb in circular motions (into abduction) to advance limb

Question 51

Festinating

Answer 51

Short step length and primary weight bearing through forefeet and toes

Question 52

Foot drop

Answer 52

Foot plantar flexed during swing phase due to weak or absent ankle dorsiflexors

Question 53

Hip hiking

Answer 53

Elevation of ipsilateral pelvis in frontal plane during swing phase

Question 54

Knee hyperextension

Answer 54

A rapid thrust of knee into hyperextension immediately after limb makes contact with the floor

Question 55

Parkinsonian

Answer 55

Bilateral small, shuffling steps and slow movement

Question 56

Scissoring

Answer 56

Adduction of swing limb during swing phase

Question 57

Steppage

Answer 57

Often seen in presence of foot drop Excessive hip and knee flexion of affected limb to clear foot during swing phase

Question 58

Trendelenburg

Answer 58

During the stance phase on the affected side, the contralateral hip drops in the frontal plane, often accompanied by a compensatory trunk lean toward the stance side

Question 59

Vaulting

Answer 59

Often seen when one limb has difficulty clearing the floor during swing phase Characterized by plantar flexion of the ankle on the unaffected (stance) limb, with or without concurrent elevation of the pelvis on the affected (swing) limb

Question 60

Basic activities of daily living (BADLs)

Answer 60

Self-care and independent living

Question 61

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Answer 61

Required by most people but not for independent living

Question 62

Functional outcome measures

Answer 62

Questionnaires or surveys Scores given for patient’s reported or observed ability to perform activities Changes in scores can be interpreted as improvement or decline in function Document progress or justify need to continue interventions