ch. 6 memory quiz Flashcards
(20 cards)
the steps to memory can be best described as _______.
putting it in, keeping it in, getting it out
according to Sperling, what is the capacity of iconic memory?
everything that can be seen at one time
which type of memory system best explains the “What?” phenomenon?
echoic sensory system
for information to travel from either the iconic or echoic sensory system to short-term memory, it must first be ______ and then encoded primarily into _____ form.
selectively attended to, auditory
You are introduced to someone at a party. While talking with the person, you realize that you have already forgotten the person’s name. What amount of time does it typically take before such information is lost from short-term memory?
typically between 12 and 30 seconds
Early studies of the capacity of short-term memory suggested that most people could remember approximately __________ bits of information.
seven
Mary has just met an attractive man named Austin at a party. She wants to make sure she remembers his name. What should she do?
mary should make it more meaningful. for example, she might remind herself that Austin has the same name as the capital of Texas
__________ memory includes what people can do or demonstrate, whereas __________ memory is about what people know and can report.
nondeclarative, declarative
The semantic network model of memory suggests that the __________ nodes you must pass through to access information, the longer it will take for you to recall information.
more
Phineas walks out of his office and into the conference room. However, after he leaves his office, he forgets what he was coming into the conference room for. According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, what should Phineas do to regain his lost memory?
Phineas should return to his office to help him remember what he had forgotten
which of the following is an example of a test using recognition?
true-false
When creating a presentation, many public-speaking instructors will tell you to develop a strong opening or attention getter to your presentation as well as a good summary and finish. What aspect of memory best explains these suggestions?
serial position effect
Your mother tells you to dress for success at your interview because it’s all about “first impressions.” In other words, she is telling you that people often remember what they see first. This belief is in line with what element of memory?
the primacy effect
Research by Elizabeth Loftus shows that eyewitness recognition is very prone to what psychologists call __________.
a false positive
The tendency of certain elements to enter long-term memory with little or no effort to encode and organize them is what defines __________.
automatic encoding
The ability to remember where you were and what you were doing when the United States was attacked on September 11, 2001, is an example of __________.
flashbulb memory
In Hermann Ebbinghaus’s classic study on memory and the forgetting curve, how long after learning the lists did most forgetting happen?
1 hour
You are surprised by the fact that you cannot remember if Abraham Lincoln’s head faces the left or the right on a penny. This is all the more surprising given the fact that you work with money at your job on nearly a daily basis. What would best explain such an inability to recall this information?
encoding failure
Henry Gustav Molaison, widely known as H.M., was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call __________ amnesia.
anterograde amnesia
Your English instructor has given you an assignment to write down your favorite memory from when you were 12 months old. What might you tell him?
students will probably not be able to recall events from such an early age
