ch 6: urinary system

Question 1

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder

Answer 2

ureterocele

Question 3

renal agenesis refers to

Answer 3

patient being born with only 1 kidney

Question 4

supernumerary kidney refers to

Answer 4

prescence of a third kidney

Question 5

a ____________ often appears as a miniature replica of a normal kidney

Answer 5

small, hypoplastic kidney

Question 6

abnormally positioned kidneys are referred to as ____________

Answer 6

ectopic kidneys

Question 7

a situation in which an ectopic kidney lies on the same as the normal kidney and is very commonly fused to it

Answer 7

crossed ectopia

Question 8

most common fusion anomaly in which both kidneys are malrotated and their lower poles are joined by a band of normal renal parenchyma

Answer 8

horseshoe kidney

Question 9

rare kidney anomaly that produces a single irregular mass having no resemblance to renal structure

Answer 9

complete fusion

Question 10

location of ureterocele

Answer 10

distal ureter

Question 11

imaging appearance of ureterocele

Answer 11

round or oval dilated ureter with radiolucent halo

Question 12

kidney duplication refers to

Answer 12

more than one renal pelvis or ureter

Question 13

imaging appearance of posterior urethral valves on VCUG

Answer 13

stricture or narrowing of urethra and a thin radiolucency representing the membrane

Question 14

thin transverse membranes, found almost exclusively in males are ____________

Answer 14

posterior urethral valves

Question 15

non-suppurative inflammatory process involving the tufts of capillaries (glomeruli) that filter the blood within the kidney

Answer 15

glomerulonephritis

Question 16

suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenic (pus forming) bacteria

Answer 16

pyelonephritis

Question 17

glomerulonephritis affects ____________
pyelonephritis affects ______________

Answer 17

glomerulonephritis = parenchyma (glomeruli and tubules)
pyelonephritis = interstitial tissue between tubules

Question 18

glomerulonephritis represents an ______________ that most commonly occurs several weeks after ______________________

Answer 18

antigen-antibody reaction, acute upper respiratory or middle ear infection

Question 19

pyelonephritis usually originates in the _________ and __________________

Answer 19

bladder, ascends via ureters

Question 20

severe form of acute parenchymal and perirenal infection with gas forming bacteria, occurs usually only in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of entire kidney

Answer 20

emphysematous pyelonephritis

Question 21

imaging appearance of glomerulonephritis

Answer 21

normal contour
acute = normal to increased kidney size
chronic = small kidney

Question 22

imaging appearance of pyelonephritis on IVU

Answer 22

acute case produces striation in renal pelvis; chronic blunting to clubbing of calcyes

Question 23

imaging appearance of emphysematous pyelonephritis

Answer 23

radiolucent gas

Question 24

imaging appearance of tuberculosis in the kidneys

Answer 24

irregularity and enlargement of calyces, calcifications

Question 25

imaging appearance of papillary necrosis

Answer 25

cavitation of central portion of papillae

Question 26

imaging appearance of cystitis

Answer 26

irregularity of bladder wall

Question 27

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Answer 27

cystitis

Question 28

condition in which internal or external pressure prevents normal urine flow

Answer 28

urinary tract obstruction

Question 29

____________ are the most common unifocal masses of the kidney

Answer 29

simple renal cysts

Question 30

an inherited disorder in which multiple cysts of varying size cause lobulated enlargement of the kidneys and progressive renal impairment

Answer 30

polycystic kidney disease

Question 31

most common renal neoplasm

Answer 31

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Question 32

most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood

Answer 32

Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 33

neoplasm of the epithelium of the bladder

Answer 33

bladder carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma)

Question 34

imaging appearance of renal carcinoma

Answer 34

indistinct outlines, tumor density similar to that of normal tissue, cystic type surrounded by thick irregular walls

Question 35

imaging appearance of Wilms tumor on IVU

Answer 35

inferior and lateral displacement of kidney

Question 36

imaging appearance of bladder carcinoma on KUB

Answer 36

punctate, coarse, or linear calcifications

Question 37

condition which refers to the rapid deterioration in kidney function that is sufficient to result in the accumulation of nitrogen-containing wastes in the blood and a characteristic odor of urine-like or fishy breath

Answer 37

acute renal failure

Question 38

condition which refers to long term kidney dysfunction which may reflect prerenal, postrenal or intrinsic kidney disease

Answer 38

chronic renal failure

Question 39

imaging appearance of acute renal failure

Answer 39

tomography = acute enlarged smooth kidneys, chronic small kidneys IVU = delayed and prolonged nephogram

Question 40

imaging appearance of chronic renal failure

Answer 40

small echogenic kidney size, lesions, and cysts; hydronephrosis, intrarenal or perirenal infections