Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition (NRSE-150) > Ch. 6 (Vitamins) > Flashcards

Ch. 6 (Vitamins) Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What nutrients are needed in very small amounts?

A

micronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is defined as extremely complex chemical substances that differ widely in their structures and are defined chemically?

A

vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What four vitamins are fat soluble?

A
  • vitamin A
  • vitamin D
  • vitamin E
  • vitamin K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two vitamins are water soluble?

A
  • vitamin C
  • vitamin B

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, B6, B12, biotin, & pathothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two different types of vitamin A?

A
  • preformed vitamin A
  • provitamin A cartotenoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is defined as to add nutrients to a food that were either not originally present or were present in insignificant amounts?

A

fortified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is defined as natural plant pigments found in deep-yellow and orange fruits and vegetables and most dark-green leafy vegetables?

A

carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the active form of vitamin A called?

A

preformed vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a major antioxidant in the body, which prompted researchers to study whether it can prevent heart disease and cancer?

A

beta carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What vitamin is known to be teratogenic at high doses for pregnant women?

A

vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is defined as a nutrient that must be supplied by the diet because it is not synthesized in the body?

A

essential nutrient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The RDA bases vitamin D on what factor?

A

minimal or no sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What vitamin is a described as a group of at least eight structurally related, naturally occurring compounds?

A

vitamin E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Newborns are prone to having what vitamin deficiency?

A

vitamin K

transport across placenta is low, breast milk is low in vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What water soluble vitamin is a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids, in addition to helping the nervous system function?

A

thiamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What water soluble vitamin is an integral component of the coenzymes flavin advenin dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide that funciton to release energy from nutrients in all body cells?

A

riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is defined as the amount of niacin available to the body, including that made form tryptophan?

A

niacin equivalents (NEs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What water soluble vitamin can be converted to the active form, pyridoxal phosphate, which is involved in nearly hundred enzymatic reactions, mostly involving protein metabolism?

A

vitamin B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What vitamin activates folate?

A

vitamin b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What water soluble vitamin plays a part in DNA synthesis and cell divison and is helped by vitamin b12?

A

folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What water soluble vitamin plays a part in maintaining the myelin sheath around nerves and aids in vital early treatment for nervous system damage?

A

vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of water soluble vitamin is part of coenzyme A (CoA), the coenzyme involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA and in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle?

A

pantothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of water soluble vitamin is involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and chemical reactions that add or remove carbon dioxide from other compounds?

A

biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of water soluble vitamin is an essential nutrient commonly categorized with the B vitamins and is required for structural integrity of cell membranes?

A

choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What water soluble vitamin can lead to scurvy if the body does not receive an appropriate amount?
vitamin C
26
What is defined as bioactive, nonnutrient plant compounds associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases?
phytonutrients
27
Students in a nursing class understand that the body has the potential to make vitamin D with enough light exposure and if what organ is functioning normally?
kidney
28
A client understands that eating some oils is important to ensure adequate consumption of all nutrients. What nutrient is supplied by oils?
vitamin E
29
What vitamin also goes by the name, ascorbic acid?
vitamin C
30
The nurse is encouraging an older adult client to spend time outside in the sun to improve vitamin D intake. The nurse is explains to the client that vitamin D helps in what way?
maintaining blood calcium levels
31
A nurse educator is providing education to students about the differences between the two major categories of vitamins. The nurse correctly explains fat-soluble vitamins transported through the blood with the help of what?
attached to protein carriers
32
The nurse is concerned that a client eating a vegan diet is not consuming adequate amounts of some vitamins. What supplement is this client most likely to need?
vitamin B12
33
The functions of some vitamins are to protect other vitamins from damage. What vitamin does vitamin E protect?
vitamin E
34
What vitamin is the primary fat-soluble antioxidant?
vitamin E
35
What type of vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
water-soluble
36
The class is discussing food labels. One student points out that a certain vitamin is listed as a "food coloring." What vitamin is sometimes used to add color to food?
beta-carotene
37
What is the main function of vitamins?
catalyst for metabolic function and chemical reactions in the body
38
What are the deficiencies of vitamin A?
* vision changes * xerophthalmia (dry eyes) * GI disturbances (mucus changes) * hyperkeratosis (thick skin)
39
What are the functions of vitamin A?
* contributes to vision * reproduction * growth * immune system functioning
40
What are some sources for vitamin A?
* orange/yellow fruits and vegetables * fatty fish * dairy * fortified foods
41
What are symptoms of excess of vitamin A?
* can be teratogenic (during pregnancy) * CNS changes * bone & skin changes * live abnormalities (reversible-fatal)
42
What are the functions of vitamin D?
* maintain normal blod concentrations of calcium & phosphorus * immune function
43
What are symptoms of deficiency of vitamin D?
* poor calcium absorption * rickets in childern, osteomalacia in adults
44
What are some sources of vitamin D?
* sunlight * fish * fortified dairy * egg yolks * orange juice
45
What are symptoms of excess of vitamin D?
* hypercalcemia * hypercalciuria
46
What are the functions of vitamin E?
* primary fat-soluble antioxidant * preserves lung and red blood cell membranes * protects vitamin A and polysaturated fats from oxidation
47
What are some of the sources of vitamin E?
* vegetable oils * grains * nuts * dark geen vegetables
48
What are symptoms of deficiency in vitamin E?
* peripheral neuropathy * anemia * impaired vision and speech * edem/skin lesions in infants
49
What are symptoms of excess in vitamin E?
* can interfere with vitamin K action (blood clotting) * can interfere with effects of blood-thinning drugs * risk of hemorrhage
50
What are the functions of vitamin K?
* assists in blood-clotting and bone maintenance * coenzyme essential for the synthesis of prothrombin
51
What are some sources of vitamin K?
* green leafy vegetables * eggs * carrots
52
What are symptoms of deficiency of vitamin K?
* increase in prothrombin time (how long it takes blood to clot)
53
What are symptoms of excess of vitamin K?
* decrease effectiveness of anticoagulant medications * increase risk of stroke
54
What are the functions of B-complex vitamins?
energy, metabolism, and neurologic function
55
What are the functions of vitamin C?
* tissue building * metabolic reactions
56
What are the functions of thiamin (B1)?
* coenzyme in energy metabolism * nerve functioning related to muslce actions
57
What are some sources of thiamin (B1)?
* meats * grains * legumes
58
What are symptoms of deficiency of thiamin (B1)?
* beriberi (ataxia, confusion, anorexia, tachycardia) * headache * weight loss * fatigue
59
What are symptoms of excess of thiamin (B1)?
nontoxic
60
What are functions of riboflavin (B2)?
coenzyme in energy release
61
What are some sources of riboflavin (B2)?
* milk * meats * dark green leafy vegetables
62
What are symptoms of deficiency of riboflavin (B2)?
* cheilosis (scales/cracks on lips and corners of mouth) * glossitis (smooth/swollen tongue) * dermatitis of ears, nose and mouth
63
What are symptoms of excess of riboflavin (B2)?
nontoxic
64
What are functions of niacin (B3)?
* metabolism of fats, glucose and alcohol * synthesis of steroid hormones, cholesterol and fatty acids
65
What are some sources of niacin (B3)?
* liver * meats * nuts * legumes * whole grains * enriched breads/cereals
66
What are symptoms of deficiency of niacin (B3)?
pellegra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)
67
What are symptoms of excess of niacin (B3)?
* vasodilations * flushing * may lower total cholestrerol & LDL * may increase HDL
68
What are functions of pyridoxine (B6)?
* cellular function * synthesis of hemoglobin * neurotransmitters * niacin
69
What are some sources of pyridoxine (B6)?
* meats * grains * legumes
70
What are symptoms of deficiency of pyridoxine (B6)?
* macrocytic anemia * CNS disturbances | rarely occurs without other B deficiencies
71
What are symptoms of excess of pyridoxine (B6)?
* neurological symptoms (sensory neuropathy) - only with high intake of supplements, in food = not a danger
72
What is the function of folate (B9)?
coenzyme for synthesis of DNA
73
What are some sources of folate (B9)?
* green leafy veggies * dried peas & beans, seeds, liver * oragne juice * synthetic folic acid
74
What are symptoms of deficiency of folate (B9)?
* impairs DNA synthesis & cell division * macrocytic anemia * neural tube defects (before/during first trimester)
75
What is the symptom of excess of folate (B9)?
can mask vitamin b12 deficiency
76
What vitamin can mask a deficiency in vitamin B12 when taken in excess?
folate (B9)
77
What are the functions of cobalamin (B12)?
* folate activation * red blood cell maturation * maintains myelin sheeths around nerve fibers
78
What are some sources of cobalamin (B12)?
* animal-derived foods (meat, fish/shellfish, dairy, eggs) * fortified foods
79
What is the only water-soluble vitamin not found in plants?
cobalamin (B12)
80
What are symptoms of deficiency of cobalamin (B12)?
* pernicious anemia (mostly in vegan diets) * neurologic impairments
81
What is symptom of excess of cobalamin (B12)?
alleviation of anemia caused by B12 deficiency
82
What is the function of pantothenic acid (b vitamin)?
coenzyme in energy metabolism
83
What are some sources of pantothenic acid (b vitamin)?
* meats * whole grains * dried peas * beans
84
What are symptoms of deficiency of pantothenic acid (b vitamin)?
rare, generalize body system failure
85
What are the functions of biotin (b vitamin)?
* coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids, amino acid metabolism, formation of glucose
86
What are some sources of biotin (b vitamin)?
* eggs * milk * dark green veggies
87
What are symptoms of deficiency of biotin (b vitamin)?
* depression * fatigue * hair loss * scaly rash
88
What is the function of choline (b vitamin)?
structural integrity of cell membranes
89
What are some sources of choline (b vitamin)?
* meats * liver * eggs
90
What are the functions of vitamin C/ascorbic acid?
* antioxidant * aids in wound healing, collagen formation * iron absorption * immune system function
91
What are some sources of vitamin C/ascorbic acid?
* citrus fruits & juices * strawberries * vegetables
92
What is the symptom of deficiency of vitamin C/ascorbic acid?
scurvy
93
What is the function of phytonutrients/phytochemicals?
plant chemicals work together with nutrients & fiber to promote health
94
What are some sources of phytonutrients/phytochemicals?
* fruits * veggies * green tea * legumes * whole grains * broccoli
95
What are the functions of phytonutrients/phytochemicals?
* function similarly to the immune system of plants (protection against virsues, bacteria, fungi) * detoxifies enzymes, regulating hormones * known to lower risk of chronic disease
96
Waht are the known shortfall vitamins? | vitamins under-consumed by Americans
* vitamin A * vitamin D * vitamin E * vitamin C * choline (b vitamin)
97
How can food choices improve intake of shortfall vitamins?
consuming certain amounts of specific foods can increase the vitamins that fall under the shortfall vitamin list
98
Why are vitamin supplements necessary?
can be used to bridge the gap in **meeting those nutrient needs** (but they are not a guarantee of good health)

Nutrition (NRSE-150) (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions