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Anatomy > Ch. 7 > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does a typical adult have on average?

A

206

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2
Q

What are the 4 portions of the appendicular skeleton?

A

upper limbs | lower limbs | pectoral girdle | pelvic girdle

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3
Q

How many bones are newborns born with?

A

270

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4
Q

What are sesamoid bones? Name an example.

A

bones that form within some tendons in response to stress | patella

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5
Q

What are the 8 cranial bones?

A

frontal | parietal (x2) | temporal (2x) | occipital | sphenoid | ethmoid

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6
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A

vomer | mandible | maxillae (2x) | nasal bones (2x) | inferior nasal conchae (2x)
| palatine bones (2x) | zygomatic bones (2x) | lacrimal bones (2x)

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7
Q

What are the 5 bones that form the nasal septum?

A

ethmoid | nasal | maxillary | palatine | vomer

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8
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal | sphenoid | ethmoid | maxillary

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9
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled spaces lined by mucous membrane | lightens the skull anterior portion | acts as chamber to add resonance to voice

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10
Q

What are the 4 cranial sutures?

A

sagittal | coronal | lambdoid | squamous

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11
Q

Where is the sagittal suture located?

A

between parietal bones

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12
Q

Where is the coronal suture located?

A

between frontal and parietal bones

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13
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture located?

A

between parietal and occipital bones

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14
Q

Where is the squamous suture located?

A

between the parietal and temporal bones

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15
Q

What are fontanels?

A

spaces between unfused bones (skull)

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16
Q

What are fontanels filled with?

A

fibrous membrane

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17
Q

What is the function of fontanels?

A

allow shifting of bones during birth and brain growth

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18
Q

What are the 4 fontanels?

A

anterior | posterior | sphenoid | mastoid

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19
Q

What age do the frontal bones fuse by? What is this suture called?

A

6 y/o | metopic suture

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20
Q

What age does the skull reach adult size?

A

Age 8 or 9

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21
Q

What are the 7 bones that make up the orbital wall?

A

frontal | sphenoid | ethmoid | lacrimal | zygomatic | maxilla | palatine

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22
Q

What is the palatine bone?

A

posterior portion of hard palate

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23
Q

What is the nasal bone?

A

nose bridge bone

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24
Q

What is the lacrimal bone?

A

medial wall of orbit, posterior to maxilla and inferior to frontal

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25
Q

What is the vomer bone?

A

inferior portion of nasal septum that supports its anterior cartilage

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26
Q

What are the bones that make up the hard palate?

A

palatine bone | palatine process of maxilla

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27
Q

What are the 5 vertebral groups? How many vertebrae bones are there?

A

cervical | thoracic | lumbar | sacral | coccyx | 33 bones

28
Q

How many bones make up the cervical region?

A

7 (C1 - C7)

29
Q

How many bones make up the thoracic region?

A

12 (T1 - T12)

30
Q

How many bones make up the lumbar region?

A

5 (L1 - L5)

31
Q

How many bones make up the sacral region?

A

5 (S1 - S5)

32
Q

How many bones make up the coccygeal region?

A

4 (fused)

33
Q

What 5 parts make up the vertebra structure?

A

spinous process | vertebral arch | vertebral foramen | superior articular process
| transverse process

34
Q

What is the body of the vertebra?

A

mass of spongy bone covered by compact bone | contains red marrow

35
Q

What is the vertebral foramina?

A

forms vertebral canal for spinal cord to pass through

36
Q

What is the vertebral arch?

A

encases the posterior aspect of spine and vertebral canal

37
Q

What is the spinous process?

A

posterior downward projection of arch | extends from apex of vertebral arch

38
Q

What is the transverse process?

A

projection that extends laterally at the end of the vertebral arch

39
Q

What is the superior anterior process?

A

upward projection from vertebral arch, in between spinous and transverse process

40
Q

What are intervertebral discs?

A

bind vertebra together to support body weight and absorb shock

41
Q

What are the 2 components of the vertebral disc?

A

nucelus pulposus and anulus fibrosis

42
Q

What is nucleus pulposis?

A

inner gelatinous mass

43
Q

What is anulus fibrosis?

A

fibrocartilage outer ring

44
Q

What is a herniated disc?

A

a “ruptured/slipped” disc | puts painful pressure on spinal nerve/cord

45
Q

What is vertebra C1 and C2 called?

A

atlas (C1) + axis (C2)

46
Q

What is atlas?

A

C1 | delicate ring with a large vertebral foramen | has no body | nodding movement

47
Q

What is the function of atlas?

A

support head

48
Q

What is axis?

A

C2 | has a body | allows for turning head side to side

49
Q

What is the unique structure of the axis?

A

dens / odontoid process

50
Q

What is the odontoid process?

A

prominent knob on axis

51
Q

What is the joint that joins axis and atlas?

A

atlantoaxial joint

52
Q

What are 3 of the spinal curve deformities?

A

scoliosis | kyphosis | lordosis

53
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

body and arch fail to develop at one side of vertebra of thoracic | common | adolescent girls

54
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

exaggerated thoracic curvature | hunchback | from osteoporosis, wresting/weight lifting, spinal tuberculosis, osteomalacia

55
Q

What is lordosis?

A

exaggerated lumbar curvature | from pregnancy or obesity

56
Q

What is the glabella?

A

smooth area above the nose bridge

57
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

skullcap

58
Q

Which structures are found on the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

external auditory meatus | styloid process

59
Q

Name the bony bump that can be palpated behind the earlobe.

A

mastoid process

60
Q

List the 4 names of the vertebral curvatures.

A

thoracic | pelvic | cervical | lumbar

61
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs? How many ribs are there?

A

true ribs | false ribs | floating ribs | 12

62
Q

What are true ribs?

A

(1-7) directly connected to sternum

63
Q

What are false ribs?

A

(8-12) connected to sternum by cartilage

64
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

(11-12) no cartilaginous connection

65
Q

What are the 5 components of the rib cage?

A

head |

Anatomy (8 decks)

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