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The Cranial Skeleton > Ch 7 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Functions

A
  • Protection
  • Food gathering or processing
  • Passage for respiratory flow
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2
Q

Components

A
  • Chondrocranium- a braincase composed of cartilage rather than bone, as the skull of sharks and of the vertebrate embryo before ossification.
     o Neurocranium
 o Endochondral ossification
  • Splanchnocranium
     o Visceral arches
  • Dermatocranium
      o Dermal elements
  o Intramembranous ossification
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3
Q

Ossification

A
  • Intramembranous

o Skull bones
o Mandible
o Dermatocranium

  • Endochondral

o Most bones
o Splanchnocranium

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4
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

o Gathering of stem cells
o Differentiation
o Calcification
o Trabeculae formation
o Periosteum development

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5
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A
  • Cartilage model
  • Differentiation
  • Interstitial growth

o Cell Proliferation

o Length

  • Appositional growth

o Width

  • Hypertrophy
  • Calcification
  • Perioseteum develops
  • Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix
  • Medullary cavity forms
  • Ossification at epiphysis
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6
Q

Cartilaginous Fish

A

Shark

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7
Q

Shark

A

o Cartilaginous
o Rostrum
o Nasal capsule
o Supraorbital Crest
o Postorbital process
o Antorbital process

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8
Q

Shark cont.

A

o Epiphyseal Foramen
o Pineal Gland
o Endolymphatic Fossa
o Perilymphatic Foramina
o Auditory capsule
o Superficial opthalmic foramina

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9
Q

Shark cont..

A

o Rostral Carina
o Rostral Fenestrae
o Nasal Capsule
o Nares
o Anterior Orbital Shelf
o Basitrabecular Process
o Entrance for internal carotid arteries
o Basal plates

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10
Q

Shark cont…

A

o Otic capsule
o Notochord
o Foramen Magnum
o Foramen for CN X
o Foramen for CN IX
o Occipital Condyles

o Orbit
o Optic foramen
o Optic nerve
o Optic pedicel
o Trigeminofacial foramen

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11
Q

Splanchnocranium

A

o Gill or Branchial Arches
o 1st Arch
o Mandibular Arch
o Upper and Lower Jaw
o Dorsal
* Palatoquadrates
o Ventral
* Meckel’s cartilages
* Labial Cartilage

o 2nd Arch
o Hyoid Arch
* Basihyal
* Ceratohyal

o Gill or Branchial Arches 3-7
o Pharyngobranchial
o Epibranchial
o Ceratobranchial
o Hypobranchial
o Basibranchial

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12
Q

Bony Fish

A

o Chondrocranium is present
o Covered by Dermatocranium

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13
Q

Bony Fish Dermatocranium

A

o Upper Teeth
o Premaxilla
o Maxilla
o Nasal
o Antorbital
o Rostral

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14
Q

Bony Fish Dermatocranium 2

o Lacrimal
o Jugal
o Postorbital
o Hyomandibula
o Quadrate
o* Preopercular
o Opercular
o Subopercular

o Branchiostegal
o Gular
o Lower jaw
o Dentary
o Angular
o Surangular

A

**Lateral view

o Lacrimal (22)
 o Jugal (21)
 o Postorbital (20)
 o Hyomandibula (17)
 o Quadrate (16)
 o Preopercular
 o Opercular (19)
 o Subopercular (18)

o Branchiostegal
o Gular
o Lower jaw
o Dentary (12)
o Angular (15)
o Surangular (14)

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15
Q

Bony Fish Dermatocranium 3

o Parietal
o Postparietal
o Extrascapular
o Supratemporal

A

**Dorsal view

o (9)
o (10)
o (2)
o (3)

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16
Q

Amphibian: Necturus Dermatocranium

o Premaxilla
o Frontal
o Parietal
o Quadrate

o Vomer
o Pterygoid
o Parasphenoid
o Dentary

A
17
Q

Necturus Chondrocranium

o Foramen Magnum
o Exoccipitals
o Quadrate
o Antorbital Process

o Ethmoid Plate
o Trabecular Horn
o Otic Capsule
o Opisthotic
o Prootic

A
18
Q

Necturus Splanchnocranium

A

o Hyoid Arch
o Hypohyal
o Ceratohyal
o Gill Arches
o Ceratobranchial
o Basibranchial
o Epibranchial

19
Q

Necturus Skull (lateral view)

A
20
Q

Necturus Skull (dorsal view)

A
21
Q

Reptile: Alligator (Dorsal)

A
  1. prefrontal
  2. frontal
  3. postfrontal
  4. parietal
  5. squamosal
  6. quadratojugal
  7. zygomatic
  8. lacrimal
  9. maxilla
  10. premaxilla
  11. nasal

o Infratemporal fenestrae
o Supratemporal fenestrae
o External Nares
o Premaxilla (10)
o Maxilla (9)
o Nasal (11)
o Frontal (2)
o Parietal (4)
o Postorbital (3)
o Squamosal (5)

o Jugal (7)
o Postorbital Bar
o Lacrimal (8)
o Prefrontal (1)
o Quadrate
o Quadratojugal (6)

22
Q

Alligator (Ventral)

A
  1. palatine
  2. quadrate
  3. pterygoid
  4. internal nostril
  5. ectopterygoid
  6. basisphenoid

o Palatine Process of
Premaxilla(10)
o Palatine Process of
maxilla (9)
o Incisive Foramen
o Palatine Process of
Pterygoids (14)
o Post. Palatine Vacuities
o Ectopterygoid (16)
o Internal Nares

23
Q

Lower Jaw of Alligator

A
  1. dentary
  2. splenial
  3. coronoid
  4. surangular
  5. articular
  6. angular

o Dentary (1)
o External mandibular fenestrae
o Mandibular foramen
o Coronoid (3)
o Surangular (4)
o Angular (6)
o Ramus
o Splenial (2)

24
Q

Turtle (Dorsal View)

A

1.Supraoccipital 2. Opistotic 3. Quadrate 4. Prootic 5. Postorbital 6. Squamosal 7. Parietal 8. Postorbital 9.Frontal 10. Prefrontal

o Prefrontal (10)
 o Frontal (9)
 o Parietal (7)
 o Supraoccipital (1)
 o Postorbital (5&8)
 o Squamosal (6)
25
Q
A

The Cranial Skeleton (1 decks)

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