Ch 7 & 2 (cellular respiration)

Question 1

glycolysis

Answer 1

splitting glucose into pyruvate

Question 2

electron carrier

Answer 2

nucleotide that reversibly binds to high energy electrons

Question 3

phosphorylation

Answer 3

adding a phosphate group to a molecule

Question 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 4

using high energy electrons to add phosphate groups

Question 5

gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

making glucose from non carbohydrates

Question 6

how do autotrophs feed

Answer 6

produce their own organic molecules
photoautotrophs- use sunlight
chemoautotrophs- hydrogen sulfide, methane

Question 7

how do heterotrophs feed

Answer 7

consume organic molecules from other organisms
herbivores-plants
carnivores-meat
ominvores-plants & meat
detritivores-dirt (earthworms)
saprophytes-absorbs dead material

Question 8

what is cellular respiration (how to get energy out of glucose)

Answer 8

• potential energy is stored in electrons furthest away from nucleus.
• break covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen

Question 9

what are the unenergized (oxidized) electron carriers

Answer 9

NAD+
FAD
NADP+ (photosynthesis)
(must oxidize one molecule in order to reduce another)

Question 10

what are the energized (reduced) electron carriers

Answer 10

NADH
FADH
NADPH
(must oxidize one molecule in order to reduce another)

Question 11

aerobic respiration

Answer 11

c6h12o6 + 6o2 + 6h20
large amount of energy needed to be freed in small steps instead of all at once because then most of it would be released as heat
(like gas in a car)

Question 12

name the steps of the oxidation of glucose

Answer 12

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, krebs cycle, electron transport system, chemiosmosis (all together this is oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 13

explain glycolysis

Answer 13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oeFhPTNl98

occurs in cytoplasm
1 glucose -> 2 pyruvate
net production of 2 atp molecules
-2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+

Question 14

anaerobic respiration

Answer 14

reduce something that is not o2

• methanogens- carbon dioxide reduced to methane
• sulfur bacteria- sulfate reduced to sulfide
  https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=IljrD6nW4Z8

Question 15

fermentation

Answer 15

reduced pyruvate to regenerate NAD+
Ethanol fermentation- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsC9uEClUJc
Lactic acid fermentation- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RxvgqZ8mes

Question 16

pyruvate oxidation

Answer 16

-occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes
-occurs in the plasma membrane/cytoplasm of prokaryotes
for each 3 carbon pyruvate molecule you get 1 CO2, 2 NADH and 1 acetyl-CoA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jg7cbTUP9oM

Question 17

krebs cycle

Answer 17

oxidized the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA

• in mitochondria
• required H2O

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ug49YmfGgM

Question 18

electron transport system

Answer 18

biochemical pathway
-christae of mitochondria
-electrons from nadh and fadh2-> carrier proteins
Create an h+ concentration gradient
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W-7FG9KlpA

Question 19

chemiosmosis

Answer 19

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4jeOEerOD8

Question 20

energy yeild of aerobic respiration

Answer 20

38 atp per glucose for prokaryotes

36 ATP per glucose for eukaryotes