Ch. 7

Question 1

The psychology of growth, change, and consistency through the lifespan; examines how both heredity and environment influence perspectives

Answer 1

Developmental Psychology

Question 2

Heredity vs. environment

Answer 2

Nature-Nurture

Question 3

What innate abilities does the infant possess?

Answer 3

Newborns have innate abilities for finding nourishment, avoiding harmful situations, and interaction with others—all of which facilitate survival

Question 4

The developmental period before birth

Answer 4

Prenatal Period

Question 5

What are teratogens?

Answer 5

Toxic substances that can damage the developing organism

Question 6

What innate reflexes do infants have?

Answer 6

Postural reflex, grasping reflex, rooting reflex, stepping reflex

Question 7

The unfolding of genetically programmed processes of growth and development over time

Answer 7

Maturation

Question 8

Emotional relationship between child and parent

Answer 8

Attachment

Question 9

Structure in the brain innately programmed with some of the fundamental rules of grammar

Answer 9

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Question 10

The process by which mental abilities emerge and change over time

Answer 10

Cognitive Development

Question 11

What is Piaget’s stage theory?

Answer 11

1. Schemas
2. Interaction of Assimilation and Accommodation
3. Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 12

Mental structures that guide your interpretation of concepts and events

Answer 12

schemas

Question 13

Mental process that incorporates new information into existing schemas

Answer 13

Assimilation

Question 14

Mental process that modifies schemas in order to accommodate new information

Answer 14

Accommodation

Question 15

What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

Answer 15

1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational

Question 16

Seeing things only from one’s own perspective

Answer 16

Egocentrism

Question 17

Focusing only on one feature

Answer 17

Centration

Question 18

Beliefs, desires, and emotions different from another’s; underlies your expectations about how people will act in certain situations

Answer 18

Theory of Mind

Question 19

An individual’s hard-wired pattern of personality and behavior

Answer 19

Temperament

Question 20

The lifelong process of shaping an individual’s behavior patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes, and motives to conform to those regarded as desirable in a particular society

Answer 20

Socialization

Question 21

What are the four parenting styles?

Answer 21

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved

Question 22

Social rituals that usually take place at about the time of puberty and serve as a public acknowledgement of the transition from childhood to adulthood

Answer 22

Rites of Passage

Question 23

Onset of sexual maturity

Answer 23

Puberty

Question 24

Process of trimming unused brain connections, making neurons available for future development

Answer 24

Synaptic Pruning

Question 25

Process by which ordinarily good people can do evil deeds by temporarily suspending their morality

Answer 25

Moral Disengagement

Question 26

A sense of who one is—a coherent self

Answer 26

Identity

Question 27

Capacity to make a full commitment

Answer 27

Intimacy

Question 28

Inability to connect with others in meaningful ways

Answer 28

Isolation

Question 29

A transition period between adolescence and adulthood

Answer 29

Emerging adulthood

Question 30

To make meaningful and lasting contributions to family, work, society, or future generations

Answer 30

Generativity

Question 31

The ability to look back on life without regrets and to enjoy a sense of wholeness

Answer 31

Ego-Integrity