ch 7

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

energy from particle motion

• disruptive forces

Question 2

potential energy

Answer 2

stored from position, condition, composition

• cohesive forces

Question 3

electrostatic interaction

Answer 3

attractions/repulsions from charged particles

Question 4

kinetic molecular theory of matter

Answer 4

1. matter has def sizes that don’t change
2. matter/particles in constant random motion containing KE
3. particles interact thru attractions/repulsions and have potential energy
4. KE INC as temp. INC
5. energy transferred thru elastic collisions

Question 5

compressibility

Answer 5

changes in volume from PRESSURE change

Question 6

thermal expansion

Answer 6

changes in volume from TEMP change

Question 7

KMT - solid

Answer 7

PE > KE

• reg pattern
• close packing
• small expansion

Question 8

KMT - liquid

Answer 8

PE = KE

• random irreg pattern
• close packing
• small expansion

Question 9

KMT - gas

Answer 9

PE < KE

• irreg. pattern
• widely separated, high compression
• medium expansion

Question 10

gas law units

Answer 10

atm, moles, L/mL, K

Question 11

gas law

Answer 11

pressure = force/area

Question 12

1 mm Hg =

Answer 12

1 torr

Question 13

1 atm = ? mm Hg/torr

Answer 13

760 mm Hg, torr

Question 14

1 atm = ? psi

Answer 14

14.7 psi

Question 15

boyle’s law

Answer 15

p1 x v1 = p2 x v2

Question 16

boyle’s law - volume decreases…

Answer 16

less room for molecules, more collisions, MORE pressure

Question 17

boyle’s law - volume increases…

Answer 17

more room for molecules, less collisions, LOWER pressure

Question 18

charles’s law

Answer 18

v1/t1 = v2/t2

Question 19

charles’s law - temp increases…

Answer 19

KE of gas molecules INC., hit container walls more, volume INC

Question 20

charles’s law - temp decreases…

Answer 20

KE of gas molecules DEC., hit container walls less, volume DEC.

Question 21

combined gas law

Answer 21

p1v1 p2v2
____ = ______
t1 t2

Question 22

ideal gas law

Answer 22

NO CHANGES OCCUR

PV = nRT

Question 23

R =

Answer 23

0.0821 atm

Question 24

dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 24

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3…

Question 25

partial pressure

Answer 25

pressure a gas in a mixture would exert, if it were alone

Question 26

endothermic

Answer 26

heat absorbed - evaporation, melting, sublimation (S-->G)

Question 27

exothermic

Answer 27

heat released - condensation, freezing, deposition (G-->S)

Question 28

evaporation increases as ...

Answer 28

temp inc. --> gas inc --> pressure inc

Question 29

ext pressure inc. --> ...

Answer 29

higher BP --> harder to evap --> lower evap rate

Question 30

boiling

Answer 30

form of evap. occuring within L as bubbles, requires heat

Question 31

boiling point

Answer 31

temp where vapor pressure = ext. pressure

Question 32

normal BP

Answer 32

760 mm Hg

Question 33

higher altitude --> BP?

Answer 33

air pressure diminished, BP dec.

Question 34

lower altitude --> BP?

Answer 34

air pressure inc., BP inc.

Question 35

physical equilibrium

Answer 35

when 2 opposing phys. proccesses occur at same rate - vapor exerts vapor pressure onto L and surroundings

Question 36

vapor pressure for Ls w/ STRONG attractive forces

Answer 36

low vapor pressure

Question 37

vapor pressure for Ls w/ WEAK attractive forces

Answer 37

high vapor pressure

Question 38

vapor pressure of liquids

Answer 38

1. evap starts bc little to no vapor 2. evap. rate INCREASES 3. evap and condensation rate become =, both phases (L and vapor) remain constant

Question 39

volatile substance

Answer 39

readily evaps. at room temp. b/c high vapor pressure

Question 40

dipole-dipole interactions

Answer 40

btwn POLAR molecules + and - ends interact w/ eachother stronger polarity --> stronger DD interaction --> higher BP

Question 41

hydrogen bonds

Answer 41

special dipole-diple interaction where hydrogen is bonded to v. electroneg atoms (v strong) - not cov. bonding, INTERACTION

Question 42

electroneg atoms for hydrogen bonding

Answer 42

FON

Question 43

density-temp relationship

Answer 43

lower temp --> lower density

Question 44

london forces

Answer 44

- polar AND non polar - induced dipole-induced dipole - results from momentary uneven e- dist. - temp. polarity --> chain reaction of pol. to surrounding molecules

Question 45

what kind of atoms have stronger london forces

Answer 45

LARGER e- farther from nucleus