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HEAL 132 > ch. 7 > Flashcards

ch. 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine sys functions

A 
maintain homeostasis.
 Adjust nutrient levels
 Respond to the environment
 Direct growth and development
Endocrine system organs function by:
 Sending signals to other organs.
 Receiving signals from other organs.
 Changing their behavior based on the signals.
Signals are sent from one organ to another via the
bloodstream.
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2
Q

hypothalamus

A

structure in your brain that makes and releases many hormones

sends hormones into the blood that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland

Hormones from the
anterior pituitary gland
stimulate other
endocrine glands.

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3
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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4
Q

Adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland located on top of kidney like party hat

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5
Q

Cortic/o

A

outre surface referring to adrenal cortex

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6
Q

Gonad/o

A

sex organs, testes and ovaries

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7
Q

Pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

Pituitar/o, hypophsy/o

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

Thym/o

A

thymus

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10
Q

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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11
Q

Gluc/o, glucos/o,

glyc/o

A

sugar

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12
Q

Crin/o

A

secretion, to secrete

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes hormones

into the blood that act on other organs

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14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland, pit gland

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15
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Thyroid secretes T3, T4, and

calcitonin, pit gland

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulate the gonads, pit gland

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17
Q

Thyroid gland

A

 T3 and T4
 Hyperthyroidism
 Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Calcitonin

A

look up

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19
Q

Pancreas

A 
 Endocrine function is to
secrete hormones
 Insulin – decreases blood sugar
 Glucagon – increases blood
sugar
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20
Q

Adrenal gland

A 
Adrenal gland
 Medulla
      Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Cortex
      Corticosteroids
            • Mineralocorticoids: mineral balance
            • Glucocorticoids- sugar balance
• Testosterone and estrogen
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21
Q

Hormone levels are

detected by

A

measuring blood
concentration levels
of nutrients.

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22
Q

Common

measurements:

A
  • Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar
  • Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar
  • Euglycemia: good blood sugar
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23
Q

Can also measure
endocrine function
by

A

urinalysis
•Glucosuria: sugar in urine- sign of diabetes
•Ketonuria: ketones in the urine- faulty carb digestion

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24
Q

Hormon/o

A

hormone

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25
Ket/o
ketone bodies
26
-tropin
stimulating hormone, stiumaulates another hormone
27
-emia
blood condition
28
-uria
urin cond
29
Adenalgia
pain in a gland
30
Adrenal virilism
dev of male secondary sex characterists from an overactive adrenal gland-- like facial hair or low voice
31
Adrenarche
beginning of adrenal secretion, happens at puberty
32
Hirsutism
excessive growth of body or facial hair in women
33
Amenorrhea
absence of menstrual cycle
34
Gynecomastia
dev of breast tissue in males
35
Hypergonadism
condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands
36
Hypogonadism
undersecretion of the sex glands- steroid use symptom
37
Menarche
beginning of menstration-- first cycle
38
Thelarche
beginning of breast dev
39
Hypoglycemic
low blood sugar
40
Pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
41
Polydipsia
excessive thirst
42
Polyphagia
excessive hunger
43
Polyuria
excessive urination
44
Acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of extremeties
45
Galactorrhea
discharge of milk
46
Pituitary dwarfism
absnormally short height caused by under secretion of growth hormone from pit gland
47
Pituitary gigantism
absnormally tall height caused by over secretion of growth hormone from pit gland
48
Exophthalmos
bulging eyes
49
Thyrocele, goiter
swollen thyroid gland
50
Thyromegaly
enlarged thryoid
51
Thyroptosis
drooping thyroid
52
evaluating endocrine abnormalities
 Blood tests (-emia) |  Urine analysis (-uria)
53
Chloremia
increased chloride in the blood
54
Hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in blood
55
Hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in blood
56
Hypernatremia
excessive sodium in blood
57
Hyperphosphatemia
excessive phosphates in blood
58
Conditions of blood related to acid/base balance
 Acidemia: abnormal acidity of blood |  Alkalemia: abnormal alkylinity of the blood
59
Conditions of blood related to | cholesterol and fats
 Hypercholesterolemia: excessive cholesterol in blood |  Hyperlipidemia: excessive fat in blood
60
Uremia
urinary waste in blood stream
61
Calciuria
calcium in urine
62
Glucosuria
sugar in urine
63
Ketonuria
ketones in urine
64
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stiumulates cortex of adrenal gland
65
Corticotropin
same as Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
66
Gonadotropin
stiumlates gonads
67
Thyrotropin
stimulates thyroid
68
Euthyroid
good thyroid
69
Gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from non carb sources
70
Glycolysis
breakdown of sugar
71
Glycopenia
deficiency of sugar
72
Gonadogenesis
creation or dev of gonads
73
Metabolism
breakdown of matter into energy
74
Diagnostic endocrine terms
 Glycemic index: ranking of food based on the way it affects blood sugar levels  Ketogenesis: creation of ketone bodies
75
Related to anatomy endocrinology
 Endocrine: secrete internally usually bloodstream |  Exocrine: secrete externally through a duct sys and leaves surface of body
76
endocrinologist
specialist of internal secretions
77
Cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine bile ducts and pancreas
78
Endoscopic retrograde | cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine bile ducts and pancreas with endoscope passing backwards into digestive sys
79
Thyroid function tests
test thyroid function
80
Problems occur with oversecretion or undersecretion of a hormone.
 Tumors |  Inflammation
81
Adenitis
inflammation of gland
82
Adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of a gland
83
Adenoma
tumor in a gland
84
Adenopathy
disease of gland
85
Polyadenopathy
disease of many glands
86
Adenosis
condition of gland
87
Dysmetabolic | syndrome
combo of med disorders associated w faulty metabolism
88
Ketosis
cond w elevated ketone bodies
89
Thymoma
thymus tumor
90
Adrenalitis
infammation of adrenal gland
91
Adrenal adenoma
tumor of adrenal gland
92
Adrenocortical | carcinoma
cancerous tumor of adrenal gland
93
Adrenal insufficiency
condition in which adrenal glands underporduce necessary hormones
94
 Adrenocortical | insufficiency
adrenal cortex underproduces
95
Adrenocorticohyperplasia
look up
96
Congenital adrenal | hyperplasia
genetic disease where adrenal gland is overdev resulting in deficiencies and overproductions of diff hormones
97
Pancreatic | pseudocyst
false cyst of pancreas
98
Pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas
99
Pancreatolith
stone in pancreas
100
Pancreatolithiasis
presence of stone in pancreas
101
Insulinoma
insulin secreting tumor
102
Conditions caused by a malfunctioning pancreas
 Diabetes mellitus: excessive urination and hyperglycemia metabolic disease  Diabetic ketoacidosis: acidity of blood caused by presence of ketone bodies produced when body is unable to burn sugar
103
Hyperpituitarism
over function of pitutary gland
104
Hypophysitis
look up
105
Hypopituitarism
undersecretion of pituitary gland
106
Panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of entire pituitary gland
107
Pituitary infarction
death of pituitary
108
Pituitary adenoma
tumor of pituitary gland
109
Hyperparathyroidism
overporduction by thyroid gland
110
Hypoparathyroidism
underporduction by thyroid gland
111
Treatment of endocrine disease
``` If the hormone level is too low, administer the hormone. If the hormone level is too high, take action to lower it.  Medication that destroys part of the gland  Surgical removal of the gland ```
112
Adenectomy
take out gland
113
Thymectomy
take out thymus
114
Adrenalectomy
take out adrenal gland
115
Laparoscopic | adrenalectomy
take out adrenal gland w laparoscope
116
Pancreatectomy
remove pancrease
117
Hypophysectomy
remove pituitary gland
118
Parathyroidectomy
remove parathryoid gland
119
Thyroidectomy
remove thryoid gland
120
Thyroparathyroidectomy
remove thryroid and parathyroid gland
121
Ketogenic diet
med treatment
122
Continuous subcutaneous | insulin infusion
insulin pump attached to body
123
Thyroidotomy
incision into thyroid
124
Thyroidotoxin
substance poisonus to thryoid
125
Pancreatolithectomy
remove stone from pancreas
126
Thyrotoxicosis
look up
127
Hyperparathyroidism
overprod of parathryoid gland
128
Hypoparathyroidism
underpord of parathryoid gland
129
BS
blood sugar
130
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
131
ERCP
look up
132
FBS
fasting blood sugar
133
GTT
glucose tolerance test gestational test
134
T3
look up
135
T4
thyroxine
136
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test
137
TFT
thyroid function test
138
DI
diabetes LOOK UP
139
DM
diabetes mellitus
140
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
141
HRT
hormone replacement therapy

HEAL 132 (8 decks)

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