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Positioning III - Ch 7,8,9 > Ch 7 - Femur & Pelvic Girdle - Procedures > Flashcards

Ch 7 - Femur & Pelvic Girdle - Procedures Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

AP Femur - Mid and Distal: Technical Factors

A

IR Size: 14x17” LW
kVp / mAs: 75–85 / 6–10
SID: 40 inches
Grid: Yes

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2
Q

AP Femur - Mid and Distal: Positioning

A
  • Patient supine
  • Leg extended and internally rotated 5° to true AP
  • Include distal 2/3 of femur and knee joint
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3
Q

AP Femur - Mid and Distal: CR, Collimation

A
  • Perpendicular to femur
  • Center to midpoint of IR to cover mid and distal femur
  • Bottom of IR about 2 inches below knee joint
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4
Q

AP Femur - Mid and Distal: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Entire distal femur and knee joint visible
  • No rotation (femoral condyles symmetric)
  • Optimal exposure showing bone and soft tissue detail
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5
Q

Lateral Mediolateral or Lateromedial - Femur - Mid and Distal: Technical Factors

A
  • IR Size: 14x17” LW
  • kVp / mAs: 75–85 / 6–10
  • SID: 40 inches
  • Grid: Yes
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6
Q

Lateral Mediolateral or Lateromedial - Femur - Mid and Distal: Positioning

A
  • Patient in lateral recumbent position
  • Affected leg flexed 45° with knee supported
  • Ensure true lateral (femoral condyles superimposed)
  • IR includes distal 2/3 of femur and knee joint
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7
Q

Lateral Mediolateral or Lateromedial - Femur - Mid and Distal: CR

A
  • CR Perpendicular to femur
  • Centering: To midpoint of IR (mid-diaphysis of femur)
  • Lower IR margin should extend ~2 inches below the knee joint
  • Collimation: To the femoral shaft laterally and include soft tissue margins and distal femur including the knee joint
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8
Q

Lateral Mediolateral or Lateromedial - Femur - Mid and Distal: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Distal femur and knee joint clearly visualized
  • True lateral: femoral condyles superimposed, patella in profile
  • Appropriate exposure with visible soft tissue and bony trabecular detail
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9
Q

Lateral Mediolateral Femur- Mid and Proximal: Technical Factors

A
  • IR Size: 14x17” LW
  • kVp / mAs: 75–85 / 10–12
  • SID: 40 inches
  • Grid: Yes
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10
Q

Lateral Mediolateral Femur- Mid and Proximal: Positioning

A
  • Patient in lateral recumbent position
  • Affected leg flexed 45°
  • Opposite leg pulled back to avoid superimposition
  • Ensure true lateral (greater trochanter and femoral head superimposed)
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11
Q

Lateral Mediolateral Femur- Mid and Proximal: CR

A
  • CR perpendicular to femur
  • Centering: To midpoint of IR, aimed at mid-proximal femur
  • Top of IR should be at level of ASIS to include hip joint
  • Collimation: Include proximal femur and adjacent soft tissue; avoid cutting off hip region
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12
Q

Lateral Mediolateral Femur- Mid and Proximal: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Proximal femur and adjacent hip joint clearly visualized
    • Greater and lesser trochanters partially superimposed
    • Optimal exposure with clear visualization of soft tissue and bone detail
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13
Q

AP Pelvis (Bilateral Hips): Technical Factors

A
  • IR Size: 14x17” CW
    • kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16
    • SID: 40 inches
    • Grid: Yes
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14
Q

AP Pelvis (Bilateral Hips): Positioning

A
  • Patient supine with legs extended
    • Internally rotate both legs 15–20° (unless contraindicated)
    • Ensure pelvis is not rotated (ASIS equidistant from table)
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15
Q

AP Pelvis (Bilateral Hips): CR

A
  • CR perpendicular to IR
    • Centering: Midway between level of ASIS and symphysis pubis (approximately 2” below ASIS)
    • Collimation: Include entire pelvis, iliac crests, and proximal femora
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16
Q

AP Pelvis (Bilateral Hips): Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Entire pelvis and proximal femora visualized
    • Lesser trochanters barely visible or not at all with correct leg rotation
    • Symmetric appearance of iliac wings, obturator foramina, and ischial spines
    • No rotation or tilt of pelvis
    • Adequate exposure to demonstrate both bone and soft tissue detail
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17
Q

AP Bilateral Frog-Leg Pelvis: Techincal Factors

A
  • IR Size: 14x17” CW
    • kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16
    • SID: 40 inches
    • Grid: Yes
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18
Q

AP Bilateral Frog-Leg Pelvis: Positioning

A
  • Patient supine
    • Flex knees approximately 90°
    • Abduct both femora 40–45° from vertical (soles of feet together)
    • Ensure pelvis is not rotated (ASIS equal distance from table)
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19
Q

AP Bilateral Frog-Leg Pelvis: CR

A
  • CR perpendicular to IR
    • Centering: 3” below level of ASIS (1” above symphysis pubis)
    • Collimation: Include entire pelvis and proximal femora
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20
Q

AP Bilateral Frog-Leg Pelvis: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Femoral heads and necks visible without significant foreshortening
    • Greater trochanters superimposed over femoral necks
    • Symmetric appearance of pelvis and proximal femora
    • Adequate exposure demonstrating bony trabecular detail and soft tissues
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21
Q

AP Axial Outlet Pelvis: Technical Factors

A
  • IR Size: 14x17” landscape
    • kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16
    • SID: 40 inches
    • Grid: Yes
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22
Q

AP Axial Outlet Pelvis: Positioning

A
  • Patient supine
    • Flex knees approximately 90°
    • Abduct both femora 40–45° from vertical (soles of feet together)
    • Ensure pelvis is not rotated (ASIS equal distance from table)
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23
Q

AP Axial Outlet Pelvis: CR

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A
  • CR perpendicular to IR
    • Centering: 3” below level of ASIS (1” above symphysis pubis)
    • Collimation: Include entire pelvis and proximal femora
24
Q

AP Axial Outlet Pelvis: Evaluation Criteria

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Femoral heads and necks visible without significant foreshortening
    • Greater trochanters superimposed over femoral necks
    • Symmetric appearance of pelvis and proximal femora
    • Adequate exposure demonstrating bony trabecular detail and soft tissues
25
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 14x17" portrait - kVp / mAs: 85–95 / 16–20 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
26
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: Poistioning
- Patient supine with legs extended - Ensure no rotation of pelvis (ASIS equidistant from table) - Support under knees if needed for comfort
27
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: CR
- CR angled 40° caudad (from vertical) - Centering: At level of ASIS - Collimation: Include entire pelvic inlet, iliac wings, and symphysis pubis
28
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: Evaluation Criteria
- Pelvic inlet demonstrated in its entirety - Ischial spines equal in size and shape, indicating no rotation - Proper CR angle elongates the pelvic ring (inlet) - Optimal exposure showing bony detail of pelvic brim and margins
29
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" portrait - kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
30
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum: Positioning
- Patient in 45° posterior oblique position (RPO or LPO) - Affected side up to visualize anterior rim and posterior column - Affected side down to visualize posterior rim and anterior column - Support patient to maintain correct rotation
31
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum: CR
- CR perpendicular to IR - Centering (affected side up): 2" distal to ASIS - Centering (affected side down): 2" distal and 2" medial to ASIS - Collimation: Area of acetabulum and adjacent pelvic structures
32
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum: Evaluation Criteria
- Acetabulum clearly visualized without foreshortening - Proper obliquity shows rim and column anatomy depending on side up/down - No pelvic rotation beyond intended obliquity - Adequate exposure for detail of acetabular walls and surrounding bone
33
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: Positioning
- IR Size: 14x17" portrait - kVp / mAs: 85–95 / 16–20 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
34
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: CR
- Patient supine with legs extended - Ensure no rotation of pelvis (ASIS equidistant from table) - Support knees if needed for comfort
35
AP axial Inlet Pelvis: Evaluation Criteria
- CR angled 40° caudad - Centering: At level of ASIS - Collimation: Include entire pelvic inlet, iliac wings, and symphysis pubis
36
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum: Technical Factors
- Pelvic inlet demonstrated in its entirety - Ischial spines symmetric, indicating no rotation - Proper CR angle elongates the pelvic brim - Adequate exposure showing clear bony detail of pelvic margins
37
PA Axial Oblique Acetabulum: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" portrait - kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
38
PA Axial Oblique Acetabulum: Positioning
- Patient semiprone in 35° to 40° anterior oblique position (RAO or LAO) - Affected side down - Support patient to maintain obliquity without rotation
39
PA Axial Oblique Acetabulum: CR
- CR angled 12° cephalad - Centering: 1 inch superior to the greater trochanter, and 2 inches lateral to the midsagittal plane - Collimation: Include acetabulum and surrounding pelvic bone structures
40
PA Axial Oblique Acetabulum: Evaluation Criteria
- Acetabulum clearly visualized with minimal distortion - Obturator foramen and ilium seen with appropriate foreshortening - Proper obliquity shows posterior rim and column of acetabulum - Adequate exposure demonstrating bony detail and contrast
41
AP Unilateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" portrait - kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
42
AP Unilateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Positioning
- Patient supine with leg extended - Internally rotate affected leg 15° to 20° to place femoral neck parallel to IR - Ensure pelvis is not rotated (ASIS equidistant from table)
43
AP Unilateral Hip and Proximal Femur: CR
- CR perpendicular to IR - Centering: 1 to 2 inches distal to the midfemoral neck (approximately midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis, then 1 to 2 inches distal) - Collimation: Include hip joint, acetabulum, femoral head and neck, and proximal femur
44
AP Unilateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Evaluation Criteria
- Proximal one-third of femur and acetabulum clearly visible - Femoral neck not foreshortened and in full profile with correct leg rotation - Greater trochanter seen in profile laterally - Lesser trochanter minimally visible or not at all - Adequate exposure with visible trabecular and soft tissue detail
45
Axiolateral Inferosuperior Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" landscape - kVp / mAs: 85–95 / 20–40 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
46
Axiolateral Inferosuperior Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Positioning
- Patient supine - Do not rotate injured leg - Flex and elevate unaffected leg and place it vertically to clear the area of interest - Place IR in landscape position in crease above iliac crest and parallel to femoral neck
47
Axiolateral Inferosuperior Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: CR
- CR perpendicular to femoral neck and IR - Centering: At femoral neck (typically 2.5 inches below midpoint between ASIS and symphysis pubis) - Collimation: Include femoral head and neck, acetabulum, and proximal femur
48
Axiolateral Inferosuperior Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Evaluation Criteria
- Femoral head, neck, and acetabulum clearly visualized without distortion - Entire prosthesis (if present) should be included - Femoral neck seen in profile without foreshortening - Adequate exposure to penetrate dense anatomy, with visible bone and soft tissue detail
49
Unilateral Frog-Leg Projection Mediolateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" landscape - kVp / mAs: 80–90 / 12–16 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
50
Unilateral Frog-Leg Projection Mediolateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Positioning
- Patient supine - Flex affected knee and hip, then abduct femur 40° to 45° from vertical - Sole of affected foot placed against opposite leg just above knee if possible - Ensure pelvis is not rotated
51
Unilateral Frog-Leg Projection Mediolateral Hip and Proximal Femur: CR
- CR perpendicular to IR - Centering: Midfemoral neck (1 to 2 inches medial and 3 to 4 inches distal to ASIS) - Collimation: Include femoral head, neck, and proximal femur
52
Unilateral Frog-Leg Projection Mediolateral Hip and Proximal Femur: Evaluation Criteria
- Femoral head, neck, and trochanters clearly demonstrated - Greater trochanter superimposed over femoral neck - Lesser trochanter seen medially in profile - Adequate exposure showing bone and soft tissue structures
53
Modified Axiolateral Possible Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Technical Factors
- IR Size: 10x12" landscape - kVp / mAs: 85–95 / 20–40 - SID: 40 inches - Grid: Yes
54
Modified Axiolateral Possible Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Positioning
- Patient supine with both legs extended - Do not move or rotate affected leg - Place IR in landscape orientation on lateral thigh, tilted back 15° from vertical and perpendicular to femoral neck - Support IR with holder or grid device if available
55
Modified Axiolateral Possible Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: CR
- CR angled 15° to 20° posteriorly from horizontal - Centering: To femoral neck (2 inches medial and 2 inches distal to ASIS) - Collimation: Include femoral head and neck, acetabulum, and proximal femur
56
Modified Axiolateral Possible Trauma Hip and Proximal Femur: Evaluation Criteria
- Hip joint and proximal femur clearly visualized with minimal distortion - Femoral neck not foreshortened - Entire orthopedic appliance (if present) included - Adequate exposure with clear visualization of bone and soft tissues

Positioning III - Ch 7,8,9 (8 decks)

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