Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

12 HUMAN BIO ATAR > CH 7 GLOSSARY > Flashcards

CH 7 GLOSSARY Flashcards

1
Q

Active immunity

A

immunity produced by the body manufacturing antibodies against a foreign antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

agglutination

A

the clumping together of micro-organisms or cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antibiotic

A

a chemical able to inhibit the growth of, or to kill, micro-organism, particularly bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antibody

A

a substance produced in response to a specific antigen; combines with the antigen to neutralise or destroy it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antigen

A

any substance capable of causing the formation of antibodies when introduced into the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antigen-antibody complex

A

a compound formed when an antibody combines with an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antigen-presenting cells

A

phagocytic cells that digest pathogens and present the antigen to lymphocytes; include dendritic cells and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antiviral drug

A

drug used for the treatment of viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

artificial immunity

A

immunity produced by giving a person an antigen, which triggers the immune response, or by giving them antibodies to an infecting antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

attenuated

A

describes micro-organisms that have been reduced in virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryotic organisms with a cell wall but lacking membrane-bound organelles and an organised nucleus; singular: bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bactericidal antibiotic

A

a drug used to treat bacterial infections by killing the bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bacteriostatic antibiotic

A

a drug used to treat bacterial infections: it does not kill the bacteria but stops them reproducing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

b-cell

A

a type of lymphocyte that develops into either a plasma cell that produces antibodies or a memory cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotic

A

an antibiotic that affects many types of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cell-mediated response

A

the part of the immune response in which t-cells attach to antigens to destroy them; also called cellular immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax; secreted by special glands near the opening of the ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cilia

A

hair-like projections from a cell; they beat rhythmically to move material across a tissue surface; singular: cilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clone

A

a group of cells with the same genetic characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

communicable disease

A

a disease passed from one person to another by infection with micro-organisms; also called an infectious or transmissible disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

complement system

A

system of proteins produced by the liver that enhance the activity of antibodies and phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

contagious

A

a disease passed on by direct human contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cytokines

A

small proteins that are released in response to antigens and act as messengers in the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
dendritic cell
an antigen-presenting cell, names due to the branch-like extensions from the cytoplasm
26
fever
an elevation of body temperature above the normal level of 37ºC
27
heparin
a substance that helps to prevent blood clotting
28
herd immunity
a type of 'group' immunity that occurs when such a high proportion of people in a population are immunised that those who are not immune are protected
29
histamine
a substance released in response to injury to cells; it results in an increase in blood flow
30
humoral response
a response triggered by foreign substances or micro-organisms entering the body, involving b-cells and the production of antibodies; also known as antibody-mediated immunity
31
immune response
a response triggered by foreign substances or micro-organisms entering the body
32
immune system
different types of ells that occur in most organs of the body and that protect against foreign organisms, alien chemicals and abnormal cells
33
immunisation
programming the immune system so that the body can respond rapidly to infecting micro-organisms
34
immunity
resistance to infection from invading micro-organisms
35
immunoglobulin
a particular group of proteins; antibodies are immunoglobulin
36
inflammation
response to damage to a tissue; involves swelling, heat, pain and redness in the affected area
37
interferon
any of several proteins that are produce3d by cells as a defensive response to viral infection, preventing the replication of the virus
38
interleukin-1
a pyrogen produced primarily by macrophages
39
killer t-cell
a type of t-lymphocyte able to kill cells that are damaged or infected with the virus or bacteria; also called cytotoxic t-cell
40
leucocyte
a white blood cell; also spelt leukocyte
41
lymphatic system
a system of vessels that train excess fluid from the tissues; also called the lymph system
42
lymphocyte
a white blood cell that is responsible for the immune response
43
lymphoid tissue
tissue containing many lymphocytes and macrophages; found mostly in the lymph nodes but also in the bone marrow, tonsils, spleen and thymus
44
lysozyme
an enzyme that kills bacteria; found in tears, saliva and perspiration
45
macrophage
a phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte (a type of white blood cell)
46
mast cell
a type of cell found in loose connective tissue; involved in the inflammatory response
47
memory cell
a type of cell that recognises an antigen to which the body has previously been exposed
48
monocyte
a type of leucocyte found in the blood that migrates into damaged tissue and forms macrophages
49
mucous membrane
an epithelial tissue that secretes mucous and lines many body cavities
50
mucus
a slippery, stringy substance produced by mucous membranes
51
multiple drug resistance
resistance of some strains of bacteria to most of the available antibiotics
52
narrow-spectrum antibiotic
antibiotic that affects only a particular type of bacteria
53
nasal cavity
the large air-filled cavity above and behind the nose
54
natural immunity
immunity that occurs without any human intervention
55
neutrophil
a granulated leucocyte with a multilobar nucleus that is phagocytotic
56
non-self antigen
any compound foreign to the body that triggers an immune response
57
non-specific defence
defence of the body that acts against all pathogens
58
passive immunity
immunity produced by the introduction of antibodies from another person
59
pathogen
a disease-causing organism; often referred to as a pathogenic organism
60
phagocyte
cells that are able to engulf micro-organisms and cell debris
61
plasma cell
a cell that develops from a b-cell and produces antibodies
62
plasmid
in a bacterial cell, small circular strands of DNA distinct from the main bacterial genome; composed of only a few genes and able to replicate independently within cells
63
primary response
the response of the immune system to the first exposure to an antigen
64
prokaryote
a single-celled organism lacking a distinct nucleus or specialised organelles
65
pyrogen
a substance that results in fever
66
recombinant DNA
synthetic DNA; made by inserting genes from one source into a DNA molecule from a different source
67
sebum
an oily, waxy secretion from the sebaceous glands
68
secondary response
the response to a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen; the secondary response is faster and more intense than the primary response
69
self-antigen
any large molecule produced in a person's own body; does not cause an immune response in that person
70
specific defence
defence of the body that is directed against a specific pathogen
71
suppressor t-cell
a type of t-cell that helps to slow down the immune response
72
sweat
the liquid produced by the sweat glands in the skin
73
t-cell
a lymphocyte that can differentiate into a number of different kinds of cell, all of which are involved in cell-mediated immunity
74
total drug resistance
the resistance of some strains of bacteria to all antibiotics
75
toxoid
a toxin from a pathogenic organism that is altered so that they acquire immunity without suffering form the illness
76
vaccination
the introduction of antigens to a person so that they acquire immunity without suffering from the illness
77
vaccine
an antigen preparation used in artificial immunisation
78
vasodilation
an increase in the diameter of arterioles, increasing the flow of blood through them
79
vector
an agent such as an insect capable of transferring a disease-causing organism from one person to another
80
virulence
the disease-producing power of a micro-organism
81
virus
as an infectious agent, too small to be seen with a light microscope, consisting of a protein sheath surrounding a core of nucleic acid; viruses are totally dependent on living cells for reproduction

12 HUMAN BIO ATAR (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions