Ch. 7: Personality Development Flashcards
(52 cards)
Rank-order consistency
maintaining ind differences in beh/pers over time across situations
Temperament + attributes
term for “pers” of young, pre-verbal children
-activity lvl, emo reactivity, cheerfulness
Heterotypic continuity
consistency of an underlying trait that has diff behavioral manifestations at diff ages
temperament is root
Person-env transaction
how ppl respond to/seek out/create environments that are compatible with/magnify their traits
Active person-env transaction
how ppl seek out situations compatible w personality or avoid sit perceived as incompatible
Reactive person-env transaction
how ppl w diff personalities react diff to same sit
Evocative person-env transaction
how ppl change situations they encounter through personality-related behaviours
(not agreeable; create situations of arguing; divorce outcome)
Cumulative continuity principle
idea that pers becomes more stable w age
Cross-sectional study
studying pers dev in ppl of diff ages, assessed at same time
Maturity principle
idea that traits assoc with effective functioning increase w age (socially adapted traits)
some decline in late life
Social clock
traditional societal expectations: when to have achieved certain goals
Narrative identity
life story you tell yourself
Paradox of personality development
addresses change & stability
Why does pers stabilize over time? (4)
- env tends to become more stable
- early experiences can have lasting consequences
- pers-env interaction
- actively change environments we enter
Which traits tend to change w age?
conscientiousness INC / neuroticism DEC
Why does pers change over time? (3)
- changes to body
- impact of certain events
- diff demands at diff stages
How does the social clock apply to women?
follow stereotypically feminine/masculine social clocks ~ long-term LS
Typical goals of young vs older people
- explore new possibilities, dev skills
- maintain emo well-being, enjoy rel
Association btw life experiences + neuroticism
neg life exp can INC neurotocism // > neuroticism = encounter more neg experiences
Can people sig change their personalities?
if one strongly desires to
7 principles of pers dev/change
- cumulative continuity;
- maturity;
- plasticity;
- role continuity;
- identity dev;
- social investment;
- corresponsive principle
Life outcomes predicted by inhibited child
slower to find table partner & find first job
Stability of personality disorders
generally stable, therapy doesn’t make much difference
Life outcomes predicted by mastery motivation & agreeableness
- school & work achievement
- less antisocial conduct
- better relationships
