Ch 7. Skeletal System

Question 1

have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Examples are the forearm and thigh bones

Answer 1

Long bone

Question 2

Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and widths roughly equal. The bones of the wrists and ankles are this type.

Answer 2

Short bone

Question 3

platelike structures with broad surfaces, such as the ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull.

Answer 3

Flat bone

Question 4

have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones. They include the vertebrae that comprise the backbone and many facial bones

Answer 4

Irregular bone

Question 5

also called sesamoid bones. They are usually small and nodular and are embedded within tendons adjacent to joints. Example is the kneecap (patella).

Answer 5

Round bone

Question 6

Articulates (forms a joint) with another bone.

Answer 6

Epiphysis

Question 7

The shaft of the bone, between the epiphyses

Answer 7

Diaphysis

Question 8

fibrous connective tissue covering the surface on a bone.

Answer 8

Periosteum

Question 9

Dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons (Haversian systems) with no spaces.

Answer 9

Compact bone

Question 10

Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone

Answer 10

Spongy Bone

Question 11

Connective tissue in spaces and in bones that includes blood-forming stem and progenitor cells.

Answer 11

Marrow

Question 12

Bones that form from membrane-like layers of primitive connective tissue.

Answer 12

Intramembranous bone

Question 13

bone-forming cells

Answer 13

Osteoblasts

Question 14

Cells that erode bone

Answer 14

Osteoclasts

Question 15

mature bone cells

Answer 15

Osteocytes

Question 16

the formation of bone tissue

Answer 16

Ossification

Question 17

Bones that originate as hyaline cartilage and are subsequently replaced by bone tissue.

Answer 17

Endochondral bones

Question 18

an interlocking line of union between bones

Answer 18

Suture

Question 19

Two or more bones joined by fibrous connective tissue.

Answer 19

Fibrous joint

Question 20

Two or more bones that joined by cartilage.

Answer 20

Cartilaginous joint

Question 21

Freely movable joints

Answer 21

Synovial joint

Question 22

consists of a bone with a globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Such a joint allows a wider range of motion than does any other kind, permitting movements in all planes, as well as rotational movement around a central axis. The shoulder and hips have joints of this type.

Answer 22

Ball and socket joint

Question 23

an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, such as in the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. This type of joint permits a variety of movements in different planes; rotational movement, however, is not possible
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Answer 23

Condyloid joint

Question 24

also called plane joints. Articulating surfaces of these joints are flat or slightly curved. Most of the joints within the wrist, ankle and those between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae belong to this group. They allow sliding and twisting movements. The sacroiliac joints and the joints formed by the ribs connecting with the sternum are also these joints.

Answer 24

Gliding joint

Question 25

the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, as in the elbow and the joints of the phalanges. Such a joint resembles the hinge of a door in that it permits movement in one place only.

Answer 25

Hinge joint

Question 26

the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament. Movement is limited to the rotation around the central axis. The joint between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna is of this type.

Answer 26

Pivot joint

Question 27

forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other. This physical relationship permits a variety of movements, as in the joint between the carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal bones of the thumb.

Answer 27

Saddle joint

Question 28

Functions of bone

Answer 28

Provide points of attachment for muscles, protect and support softer tissues, houses blood-producing cells, store inorganic salts, and form passageways for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 29

Fibrous

Answer 29

Suture between bones of skull, joint between the distal ends of tibia and fibula

Question 30

Cartilaginous

Answer 30

Joints between the bodies of vertebrae, symphysis pubis

Question 31

Synovial

Answer 31

Most joints within the skeletal system

Question 32

Ball-and-socket

Answer 32

Shoulder; hip

Question 33

Condyloid or Ellipsoidal

Answer 33

Joints between the metacarpals and phalanges

Question 34

Gliding or Plane

Answer 34

Joints between various bones of wrist and ankle, sacroiliac joints, joints between ribs 2-7 and sternum

Question 35

Hinge

Answer 35

Elbow, joints of phalanges

Question 36

Pivot

Answer 36

Joint between the proximal ends of radius and ulna

Question 37

Saddle

Answer 37

Joint between the carpal and metacarpal of thumb.