Ch 7 - Skeletal System Flashcards

Question

legg-calve-perthes disease

Answer 1

epiphyseal necrosis (avascular necrosis) in kids, occurs before closure of growth plate creates abnormal femoral angle

Answer 2

can lead to inhibition of ossification of bone, cause deminerilization of bone

Answer 3

in children where bones fail to calcify, bowing deformity in weight bearing bones Lack of Ca and/or Vit D

Answer 4

- Occurs when there is small cut in skin or severe soft tissue injuries that threaten survival of limb

Answer 5

Grade 1-3, increases with number

Answer 6

bone breaks into many fragments

Answer 7

bone is crushed, common osteoporotic bones

Answer 8

broken bone portion pressed inward ex: skull

Answer 9

broken bone ends are forced into each other ex: trying to break a fall

Answer 10

ragged break occurs when excessive twising forces -common in sports

Answer 11

bones break incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks - common children

Answer 12

break over a tumor site

Answer 13

clean break

Answer 14

oblique direction

Answer 15

break the distal radius and ulna wrist happens when we fall wrists are hit on inside

Answer 16

opposite of Colles, when you fall and wrist is hit on outside (posterior or extensor aspect)

Answer 17

ankle inverts and rolls outwards

Answer 18

avulsion - bone was pulled off of itself when muscle is contracted to hard, it tears and pulls a chunk of bone off

Answer 19

**dislocation**: ball and socket of joint have fully seperated (humerus fully detached from glenoid fossa). Happens when fall and try to stop fall. **subluxation**: type of dislocation, but ball and socket NOT fully seperated. Can occur by damage to muscles/tendons.

Answer 20

33 vertabrae at birth, eventually they fuse to sacrum and coccyx and 24 remain

Answer 21

right below jugular notch(T3), behind sternal angle, ends at xiphisternal joint(T9)

Answer 22

- fibrocartilage - allow movement of spine - fluid filled (h20), is lost with subluxation patterns and age - if slipped can cause: herniation, LBP, stiffness, deg.

Answer 23

- most common tissue of origin for back pain is the outer layer annulus fibrosus - tough circular exterior of disc that surrounds soft inner for (nucleus) - collagen fibers, highly ordered in 10-20 sheets called circumferential **lamallae** **-** these are arranged in concentric rings that surround the nucleus pulposus - flexion: is distracted, can resist force, but less able to resist axial torsion

Answer 24

posterior central axis, soft part of disc, gelly, mainly h20 - Fluids are passed in/out of annulus and NP by diffusion - nutrients derived to tissues and cells through diffusion -

Answer 25

meningeal branches of spinal nerves that branch form segmental spinal nerve

Answer 26

sensory nervous system's response to certain harmful stimuli - small afferents - pain depends on how active mechanoreceptors are (large afferents) and nociceptors - stimulation travels along nerves via spinal cord to brain, then results in pain sensation - acute musculoskeletal injury affects the activity of the cutaneous and vasomoter symp neurons. So there is a relation btw acute ms tissue injury and autonomic NS

Answer 27

sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion

Answer 28

sympathetic action modulates 1. skeletal muscle fibers 2. metabolism 3. ionic transport accross membrane 4. contractility

Answer 29

large, rounded projection (no tibia)

Answer 30

narrow ridge of bone

Answer 31

very large, blunt, irregular process (ONLY on femur, 2 of them)

Answer 32

small, rounded projection or process (abducter tubercle)

Answer 33

any bony prominence

Answer 34

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Answer 35

canal-like passageway

Answer 36

depression in a bone

Answer 37

round or oval opening through a bone

Answer 38

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Answer 39

L - "sway back", the spine of person curves significantly inward at lower back K - abnormally rounded upper back more than 50 degrees S- sideways curve, S or C shaped 2 - develops during head raising, crawling, walking

Answer 40

S - joints named according to type of CT that joins bones together( fibrous vs cartilaginous) or by presence of fluid filled capsules(synvoinal joints) F - joints diveided into 3 classes according to degree of movement: **synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diathroses**

Answer 41

fibrous, immovable, sutures of skull

Answer 42

cartilaginous, slightly movable, pubic of symphysis

Answer 43

synovial, freely movable, shoulder joint

Answer 44

in synvoinal joint - pillow-like structure which consists of a synvonial membrane filled with synovial fluid. Tend to be associated with bony prominences (ex knee or elbow), where they function to cushion the joint and facilalte movement of tendons - reduces friction wear and tear ex: shoulder or knee

Answer 45

immovable three types: syndesmoses, sutures gomphoses

Answer 46

joints in which fibrous bands (ligs) connects two bones. ex: btw radius and ulna (interosseous ligament)

Answer 47

found only in skull teethlike, fibrous cartilage joints

Answer 48

unique joints that occur btw the root fo a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla

Answer 49

amphiarthroses joined by hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage

Answer 50

freely movable, diathroses, ex: shoulder or hip joint

Answer 51

wraps completely around tendon - aids in a reduction of friction - like a bun around a hotdog

Answer 52

- biaxial synovial joint - ex: thumb joint btw 1st mc and c bone - saddle shaped fits into socket - flexion/extension in one plane, abd/add in other

Answer 53

- biaxial synovial joint - ex: joint btw radius and carpal bones - oval condyle fits into socket - flex/ext one plane, add/abd in other

Answer 54

"gliding" joint - multiaxial synovial joint - ex: joints btw articular facets of vertabraes, joints btw carpal and tasal bones - flat articulating surfaces - gliding movements w/out angular or circular movements

Answer 55

Osteoarthritis wear and tear of cartilage, mechanical collagen matrix unorganized \> less proteoglycans \> breakdown colleges fibers \> decrease osmotic pull \> increase water content

Answer 56

Autoimmune Noniceptive inflammation of synovial membrane

Answer 57

Mechanical wear and tear

Answer 58

I wear and fair of normal and minor injuries and IVD start to lose water as the annulus fibrouses weakens

Answer 59

Tear in outer fibrous ring of disk allows soft central part of,disc to extend past damaged rings cause pain when compressed on nerves

Answer 60

Cause of normal bad posture, subluxation of joints, sports degeneration of spinal column with abnormal pressure, creates abnormal bones to compensate, weight from abnormal boon causes condition

Answer 61

Aphphytis of tibial tubercle -inflammation of patellar ligament and tuberle repeated tension growth plate, running jumping Painful lump below knee cap- children teens young A

Answer 62

cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus. It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.

Answer 63

swollen bursal sac or an osseous (bony) anomaly on the metatarsophalangeal joint. The larger part of the bump is a normal part of the head of the first metatarsal bone that has tilted sideways to stick out

Answer 64

Fracture of distal metatarsal due to recurrent stress common soldiers

Answer 65

Abnormal anatomy of foot that causes pressure at points and then thickening of skin

Answer 66

benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between 2nd−3rd and 3rd−4th metatarsal heads), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.

Answer 67

Policeman’s heal most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes

Ch 7 - Skeletal System Flashcards

(95 cards)