Ch. 7: The Early Republic

Question 1

American System

Answer 1

A plan to strengthen and unify the nation promoted by Henry Clayand the Whig Party. Motivated by a growing American economy bolstered with major exports such as cotton and tobacco, it sought to create a structure for expanding trade with policies as: high protective tariffs, high public land prices, the Bank of the United States to stabilize the currency, a system of internal improvements (such as roads and canals) to link the nation together and be financed by the tariff and land sales.

Question 2

Andrew Jackson

Answer 2

The 7th president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Gained fame as a general in the U.S. Army in the Battle of New Orleans and the First Seminole War. Often praised for expanding democracy and advocating for ordinary Americans, Jackson has also been criticized for his white supremacist racial policies, particularly his treatment of Native Americans.

Question 3

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 3

The last major battle of the War of 1812 (despite being fought 15 days after the war had been officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent). Made Andrew Jackson a national figure.

Question 4

Colonialism

Answer 4

An imperialist system of physically occupying a foreign territory using military, economic institutions, or settlers

Question 5

Conservatism

Answer 5

A political ideology that is skeptical of change and supports the current order (status quo)

Question 6

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 6

Political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that advocated republicanism, individual liberty, equal rights, decentralization, free trade, agrarianism, and sympathy with the French Revolution. The party became increasingly dominant as the Federalist Party collapsed after the 1800 elections .

Question 7

Embargo

Answer 7

An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country

Question 8

Gabriel’s Rebellion

Answer 8

A planned slave rebellion in Richmond, VA, in the summer of 1800. Information regarding the revolt was leaked and Gabriel, a blacksmith who planned the event, and twenty-five followers were hanged.

Question 9

James Monroe

Answer 9

5th president of the United States (181701825), member of the Democratic-Republican Party. Presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings, concluding the First Party System era of American politics. Best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, limiting European colonialism in the Americas.

Question 10

Jeffersonian Democracy

Answer 10

One of two dominant political outlooks and movements in the United States from the 1790s to the 1820s (associated with the Democratic-Republican Party). Prioitized the virtues, of the “yeoman farmer”, “planters”, and the “plain folk”. Opposed what it viewed as the the aristocratic elitism and corruption of merchants, bankers, and manufacturers. Distrusted the emergent urban working classes, especially factory workers.

Question 11

John Quincy Adams

Answer 11

6th president of the United States (1825-1829). Initially a Federalist, he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, and later, in the mid-1830s, became affiliated with the Whig Party.

Question 12

Liberalism

Answer 12

1) (Modern liberalism) A political tendency that favors evolutionary transformation; 2) (Classical liberalism) An ideological and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual and economic freedom

Question 13

Manumission

Answer 13

The act of directly freeing one’s own slave.

Question 14

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 14

US foreign policy that views European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere, or any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers, as a potentially hostile act. The doctrine was central to American grand strategy in the 20th century.

Question 15

Notes on the State of Virginia

Answer 15

Jefferson’s examination of society, in which he outlined his beliefs in the separation of church and state, constitutional government, checks and balances, and individual liberty. He also wrote extensively about slavery, his dislike of racial mixing, justifications of white supremacy, and his belief that Whites and Black Americans could not co-exist in a society in which Blacks were free.

Question 16

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 16

The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 17

Radicalism

Answer 17

Political ideology that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change

Question 18

Red Sticks

Answer 18

Early 19th century traditionalist faction of Muscogee Creek people in the Southeastern US. Supported traditional leadership and culture, as well as the preservation of communal land for cultivation and hunting. Led a resistance movement against European American encroachment and assimilation, culminating in the outbreak of the Creek War in 1813.

Question 19

Republican Motherhood

Answer 19

the ideology that emerged as a result of American independence where women played an indispensable role by training future citizens.

Question 20

Republicanism

Answer 20

Political theory om 18the Century Englanf and America that celebrated active participation ni public lifeby economically independent citizens as central to freedom

Question 21

Sally Hemmings

Answer 21

An enslaved woman owned by president of the United States Thomas Jefferson, with whom Jefferson had intimate relations and fathered several children.

Question 22

Tecumseh

Answer 22

A Shawnee chief and warrior who promoted resistance to the expansion of the United States onto Native American lands. Formed a Native American confederacy to promote intertribal unity. Died in the War of 1812, he became an iconic folk hero.

Question 23

The Era of Good Feelings

Answer 23

A period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes of the First Party System.

Question 24

The Haitian Revolution

Answer 24

1791-1804. A successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in present-day Haiti, under the leadership of ex-slave Toussaint Louverture.The revolution was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery, uled by non-whites and former captives. The revolution was a defining moment in the history of the Atlantic World and the revolution’s effects on the institution of slavery were felt throughout the Americas.

Question 25

The Louisiana Purchase

Answer 25

The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the FrFrance in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, the US nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi. The majority of the land was inhabited by Native Americans, which the US would pbtain by treaty or by conquest.

Question 26

The War of 1812

Answer 26

1812-1815. Fought by the US and its indigenous allies against the UK and its own indigenous allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the United States declared war, and ended officially 1814 Treaty of Ghent, but did not officially end until the peace treaty was ratified by Congress on 17 February 1815.

Question 27

War Hawks

Answer 27

Democratic Republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Resented British constraints on trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the fronteir.