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Anatomy > Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pectoral girdle?

A

shoulder girdle, supports arms

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2
Q

What are the 2 bones of the pectoral girdle?

A

clavicle | scapula

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3
Q

What is the clavicle?

A

collarbone

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4
Q

What are the 2 joints of the clavicle?

A

sternoclavicular | acromioclavicular

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5
Q

What is the scapula?

A

shoulder blade

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6
Q

What joint attaches the scapula to the arm?

A

glenohumeral

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7
Q

What is an acromion?

A

plate-like extension of spine

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8
Q

What are the 5 regions of the scapula?

A

triangular plate | suprascapular notch | spine | subscapular fossa | lateral angle of scapula

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9
Q

What is the triangular plate of the scapula? What are the 3 sides and 3 angles of it?

A

posteriorly overlies ribs 2-7 | sides: superior, medial (vertebra) + lateral (axillary)
| angles: superior, inferior, + lateral

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10
Q

What is the suprascapular notch of the scapula?

A

notch on superior border for a nerve to pass through

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11
Q

What is the spine of the scapula?

A

transverse ridge on posterior surface

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12
Q

What is the 2 fossa of the scapula?

A

supraspinous fossa | infraspinous fossa

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13
Q

What is the supraspinous fossa?

A

indentation superior to the spine of scapula

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14
Q

What is the infraspinous fossa?

A

broad surface inferior to the scapular spine

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15
Q

What is the subscapular fossa?

A

concave anterior surface of scapula

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16
Q

What is the 3 main features of the lateral angle of scapula?

A

acromion | coracoid process | glenoid cavity

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17
Q

What is an acromion? What does it form?

A

platelike extension of the scapular spine | forms apex of shoulder

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18
Q

What is the coracoid process? What is it the site of?

A

shaped like a bent finger | site of muscle attachment

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19
Q

What is the glenoid cavity? What is it the site of?

A

shallow socket | site of humeral head attachment

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20
Q

What is the olecranon process?

A

the bony point at back of elbow

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21
Q

Which part of the arm is the olecranon located?

A

proximal ulna

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22
Q

What is the olecranon fossa?

A

holds the olecranon process of ulna

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23
Q

Where is the olecranon fossa located?

A

posterior distal end of humerus

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24
Q

What is the order of bones of the hand from proximal to distal?

A

carpals > metacarpals > phalanges

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25
Q

How many carpal bones are in a hand? How many rows?

A

8 | 2 rows of 4 bones

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26
Q

How many metacarpal bones are in a hand?

A

5 = palm

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27
Q

How many phalanges are in a hand? How many rows?

A

fingers 2-5 = 3 rows of bones(12) | thumb = 2 rows of bones

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28
Q

What are the bones on the 1st row of carpal bones from medial to lateral?

A

scaphoid | lunate | triquetrum | pisiform

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29
Q

What are the bones on the 2nd row of carpal bones from medial to lateral?

A

trapezium | trapezoid | capitate | hamate

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30
Q

What are the 3 distinct features of the hip bone?

A

iliac crest | acetabulum | obturator foramen

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31
Q

What is the iliac crest?

A

superior crest of hip (the bony part you usually feel)

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32
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

hip socket

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33
Q

What is the obturator foramen?

A

large hole below acetabulum

34
Q

What is the hip bone a result of?

A

the fusion of 3 childhood bones

35
Q

What are the 3 childhood bones that form the hip bone?

A

ileum | ischium | pubis

36
Q

What is the ileum?

A

spans from the iliac crest to the center of acetabulum

37
Q

What is the ischium?

A

inferior posterior portion of the hip

38
Q

What is the pubis?

A

pubic bone = most anterior portion

39
Q

What differs the male pelvis from female?

A

heavier + thicker due to forces exerted by stronger muscles

40
Q

What differs the female pelvis from male?

A

wider + shallower | adapted to the needs of pregnancy and childbirth | larger pelvic inlet/outlet for passage of infant head

41
Q

What is the longest strongest bone of body?

A

femur

42
Q

What are the 14 features of the femur (superior to inferior)?

A

head | neck | greater trochanter | lesser trochanter | intertrochanteric crest | intertrochanteric line | linea aspera | sprial line | gluteal tuberosity | medial/lateral condyles | medial/lateral epidcondyles | intercondylar fossa | patellar surface | popliteal surface

43
Q

What is the head of the femur? What unique feature does it have?

A

attaches to acetabulum of pelvis | has fovea capitis

44
Q

What is the fovea capitis?

A

pit in femoral head for ligament attachment

45
Q

What is the purpose of the trochanters?

A

muscle attachment

46
Q

What is the intertrochanteric crest?

A

thick oblique ridge on posterior surface that connects the trochanters

47
Q

What is the intertrochanteric line?

A

more delicate ridge on anterior surface that connects the trochanters

48
Q

What is the linea aspera?

A

ridge on posterior of the femoral shaft

49
Q

What is the medial malleolus?

A

bony knob on medial (inward) side of ankle

50
Q

What is the lateral malleolus?

A

distal expansion, bony knob on outer/lateral side of ankle

51
Q

What is the most moveable joint category?

A

synovial joints

52
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

joins the humeral head to glenoid cavity of scapula

53
Q

How is the glenohumeral joint the most moveable?

A

has a shallow glenoid cavity and loose shoulder joint capsule

54
Q

What is abduction?

A

moving away from body

55
Q

What is adduction?

A

moving towards body

56
Q

What is flexion?

A

decreases angle between the bones at a joint

57
Q

What is extension?

A

increases angle between bones at a joint

58
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

extending beyond normal limits

59
Q

What is pronation?

A

forearm moves to face palms posteriorly

60
Q

What is supination?

A

forearm moves to face palms anteriorly

61
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

foot moves to point toes downward

62
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

foot moves to point toes upward

63
Q

What is inversion?

A

foot moves to point sole inwardly (medially)

64
Q

What is eversion?

A

foot moves to point sole outwardly (laterally)

65
Q

What does ACL stand for and where is it located?

A

anterior cruciate ligament | intracapsular ligament

66
Q

What does PCL stand for?

A

posterior cruciate ligament | intracapsular ligament

67
Q

What is the function of an ACL?

A

prevents hyperextension of knee when ligament is pulled tightly

68
Q

What is the function of a PCL?

A

prevents femur from sliding off tibia | prevents backwards displacement of tibia

69
Q

What are the 2 intracapsular ligaments of the knee? What shape do they make together?

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligament | forms an “X”

70
Q

What are the 4 regions of the upper extremity?

A

brachium | antebrachium | carpus | manus

71
Q

What is brachium?

A

arm proper | humerus bone = shoulder to elbow

72
Q

What is antebrachium?

A

forearm | radius + ulna = elbow to wrist

73
Q

What is carpus?

A

wrist | carpal bones

74
Q

What is manus?

A

hand | metacarpals + phalanges

75
Q

What is the fluid associated with synovial joints?

A

synovial fluid

76
Q

What is synovial fluid? What is it made up of?

A

slippery lubricant in joint cavity | albumin + hyaluronic acid

77
Q

What are the 4 functions of synovial fluid?

A

give viscous slippery texture | nourishes articular cartilage | remove waste | eases friction of synovial joint movement

78
Q

What stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?

A

rotator cuff tendons and muscles

79
Q

What is the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

deep C-shaped surface at the proximal ulna that wraps around the humeral trochlea

80
Q

What is a capitulum?

A

humeral condyle that attaches to radius

81
Q

What is a trochlea?

A

humeral condyle that attaches to ulna

82
Q

What is a coronoid fossa?

A

depression on distal anterior humerus that attaches to ulnar coronoid process

Anatomy (8 decks)

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