Ch. 8 Flashcards by Peyton Crow

The component of the radiographic system that produces radiation is the:

What is it made of?

x ray tube
made of pyrex glass & encased in a sturdy, lead lined metal housing with large high voltage electrical cables attached at each end

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The selection of radiographic exposure factors such as mAs and kVp is performed at the operator:

Control Console

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The quality of electrons for x ray exposure is determined by the mAs. This is calculated by:

Multiplying the milliamperage by the exposure time

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The primary components of the x ray tube; important to x ray production are the:

Anode & Cathode

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True digital image receptors are referred to as:

Flat Panel Detectors

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All of the following are typical features of radiographic tables except:
A) they have motorized, variable height adjustment
B) they permit four way floating tabletop mobility
C) the tabletop materials offer high attenuation to lower patient dose
D) they have electric or cos on table top monitors

C) The tabletop materials offer high attenuation to lower patient dose

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Component that supports and permits the x ray tube to be moved in different directions

Tube stand or overhead tube crane

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In a fluoroscopic system, the surface or face of the fluoroscopic detector is considered the:

Primary Barrier

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Anode

Positive electrode of the x ray tube

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Cathode

Negative electrode of the x ray tube

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What is diagnostic efficacy?

Accuracy of diagnostic information on a medical image

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Kilovoltage Peak is ____

Speed & Penetration
- As kVp increases so does penetration
- correct kVp can vary based on patients thickness, body part, and examination type

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Milliampere- Seconds

Indicates the amount of current supplied to the x ray tube

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Thermionic Emission

as electrical current passes through the filament wire it’s temperature increases to the point of “boiling off” electrons

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When are manual exposure typically used?

Tabletop Procedures

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X Ray tube systems come in two designs, what are they?

Flour mounted tube stands & ceiling-suspended OTC’s

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Definition of tube angulation?

Pivoting the tube at the point where it is attached to its support, measure and displayed in degrees

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ALARA

as low as reasonably achievable

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All radiation by the receptor is referred as _____

Remnant Radiation ( Remanence )

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The image receptor is considered a _____ to the x ray beam, and fluoroscopic exposures are allowed only when the fluoroscopic x ray tube and image receptor are locked in place and centered.

Primary Barrier

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Manipulation of medical images after they have been acquired through x ray exposure in order to improve image quality and diagnostic yield is ______

Post-processing

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Undesirable image quality characteristics that shows image graininess and a loss in visual acuity; most often the result of underexposure to the receptor

Quantum Mottle

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What method is used to create real-time images for the study of the dynamic action of the human body?

Fluoroscopy

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X ray system basic design features include…… (6)

x ray tube & support system
collimator assembly
x ray table
x ray generator
control console
upright image receptor holding device

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What is the cathode filament typical made of?

Tightly wound tungsten wire helix

Radiolucent

Material that easily transmits x ray energy with very little absorption

Radiopaque

Material that absorbs x ray energy, predominantly through the photoelectric effect

The power of an x ray system is rated in kilowatts and expressed numerically typically ranging from _____

30 to 100 kW

All of the following are the of fluoroscopy EXCEPT: A) The lead protective apron attached to the fluoroscopic carriage is of little value in reducing operator dose B) It permits “real life” imaging dynamic patient functions C) Modern day fluoroscopy systems record images electronically rather than using cassettes D) Dose reduction features such as late image hold, pulsed fluoroscopy, & electronic shuttering are essential

The lead protective apron attached to the fluoroscopic carriage is of little value in reducing operator dose

Inadequate mAs for an exposure can result in digital image quality that demonstrates graininess or…….

Guantum Mottle

What is; two exposures to be taken of a patients anatomy? One at a very low kVp and one at a higher kVp. The lower kVp exposure will allow better visualization of _____ and the higher kVp exposure penetrates dense patient anatomy more uniformly and demonstrates _______

- Dual Energy Subtraction Radiography - Calcification - Soft Tissue Structures

Mobile systems do not have a fixed control booth so what is the exposure switch attached to in order to maximize distance from the patient during the exposure? What is the length?

Coiled Cord ; 6 ft

CT scanners acquire images in what plane? How many images?

Transverse and hundreds

What position are patients in for a CT scan?

Laying down, Supine

trendelenburg position

Lying down head lower than the feet

The CT _____ encloses all of the x-ray generating equipment needed to produce a CT image and is the most visible feature to patients.

Gantry

What technology assesses bone health and bone material density? What is the medical condition called in women that typically need these scans?

- Dual Emission X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) - Osteoporosis

Mammography is breast imaging. Breast compression is an essential feature of mammography in order to create a more ____ tissue thickness, and press breast tissue structures closer to the image receptor to minimize the ______

- Homogenous - Object image distance

What creates geometric magnification in mammography?

Increased OID , Lower kVp

There are three Pacific areas of certification in medical sonogram list them :

1) cardiac 2) obstetrics/ gynecology 3) General abdomen

Ultrasound frequencies can range from ____ to ____

1 to 20 megahertz

Ultrasound is extremely good at traveling through ____ filled tissues.

Fluid ( Cysts or Urinary Bladder )

What are the four modes of sonography??

A- mode B- mode M- mode Doppler

Doppler scanning is used to assess_____ flow and vessels and uses the principle of the Doppler effect with sound waves.

Blood

What is the functional piece of equipment used by the sonographer?

Transducer

A key distinction with MRI when compared to x-ray is that with MRI the____ is the source of the signal used to create an image. With x-ray, the ____ is the source and it relies upon the process of differential absorption as x-ray engines are transmitted through tissues and detected.

- Patient - X Ray Tube

What are magnetic fields strength expressed in?

Units of Tesla (T)

Radionuclide imaging is often referred to as _____

Nuclear medicine

Many medical imaging studies are considered structural studies of the anatomy; nuclear studies are generally regarded as _____ examinations.

Perfusion

What tissues are more sensitive to radiation damage?

Tissues that are rapidly dividing & poorly specialized

Medical oncology focuses on the use of toxic, ________ Radiation oncology centers around the use of _____

- Chemotherapeutic Medicines (chemo therapy) - Radiation Energies (radiation therapy for cancer)

When using photostimulable phosphor technology (PSP); The x ray exposure is contained in _____

“electron traps” in the phosphor layer

In computer radiography, the photostimulable phosphor plate technology uses which materials as an active ingredient?

Barium Fluorohalide

Electrical cords that attach a DR detector to a portable are called tethers. True or False

True

If the mAs used for an exam was 24 and the mA station was 500, then what is the time?

.048 seconds

The component that controls the size and shape of the x ray exposure field is the:

Collimator Assembly

All of the following are features of radiographic tables except: A) motorized, variable height adjustment B) four-way floating table top mobility C) tabletop materials that are high and x-ray attenuation D) electric locks on table top motions

C) tabletop materials that are high and x-ray attenuation

Unnecessarily prolonged anode prepping or repeated prepping can result in

damage or shortened tube life

Medical images that are displayed on a monitor are referred to as a:

Soft Copy

What mAs is most diagnostic radiography done at? Fluoro?

- 50-400 mA - 0.5-5.0 mA

Postprocessing functions can include (5):

Image Reversal Image Annotation Spatial Filtering ( Edge Enhancement ) Magnification Windowing of Brightness and Contrast

What holds the last image flouro image and allows viewing without additional exposure to the patient

Last image hold

The amount of clinically useful information on a medical image

Diagnostic Yield

Ch. 8 Flashcards

(63 cards)