Ch. 8

Question 0

(hap-lore’-ines) Members of the primate suborder Haplorhini, which includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.

Answer 0

Haplorhines

Question 1

(strep-sir’-rines) Members of the primate suborder Strepsirhini, which includes lemurs and lorises.

Answer 1

Strepsirhines

Question 2

Being or having a feature that is not present in the ancestral form.

Answer 2

Derived

Question 3

Referring to an upright body position. This term relates to the position of the head and torso during sitting, climbing, etc., and doesn’t necessarily mean that an animal is bipedal.

Answer 3

Orthograde

Question 4

A taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass.

Answer 4

Superorder

Question 5

The relationship of new clades that result from the splitting of a single common lineage.

Answer 5

Sister groups

Question 6

The final evolutionary link between two related groups.

Answer 6

Last common ancestor (LCA)

Question 7

All of the taxa that come after a major speciation event. Crown groups are easier to identify than stem groups because the members possess the clade’s shared derived traits.

Answer 7

Crown group

Question 8

(sing. taxon) A taxonomic group of any rank (e.g., species, family, or class).

Answer 8

Taxa

Question 9

All of the taxa in a clade before a major speciation event. Stem groups are often difficult to recognize in the fossil record since they don’t often have the shared derived traits found in the crown group.

Answer 9

Stem group

Question 10

The taxonomic category above suborder and below order.

Answer 10

Semiorder

Question 11

“True primates.” This term was coined by Elwyn Simons in 1972.

Answer 11

Euprimates

Question 12

Referring to all or part of the skeleton not including the skull. The term originates from the fact that in quadrupeds the body is posterior to the head; the term literally means “behind the head.”

Answer 12

Postcranial

Question 13

Bone not old enough to have become completely mineralized as a fossil.

Answer 13

Subfossil

Question 14

Referring to molars that have four cusps oriented in two parallel rows, resembling ridges, or “lophs.” This trait is characteristic of the Old World monkeys.

Answer 14

Bilophodont

Question 15

Anthropologists specializing in the study of the nonhuman primate fossil record.

Answer 15

Paleoprimatologists

Question 16

A method of dating strata that relates the fossil content of an unknown stratum to like one that has been securely chronometrically dated.

Answer 16

Biostratigraphic/ faunal correlation

Question 17

Member of Catarrhini, a parvorder of Primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder Haplorhini. It contains the Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.

Answer 17

Catarrhine

Question 18

Members of Platyrrhini, a parvorder of Primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder Haplorhini. These include only the New World monkeys.

Answer 18

Platyrrhines

Question 19

A taxonomic group below infraorder.

Answer 19

Parvorder

Question 20

Traveling from one island to the next.

Answer 20

Island hopping

Question 21

Molar that has five cusps with grooves running between them, forming a Y shape. This is characteristic of hominoids.

Answer 21

Y-5 molar

Question 22

Cheekbones.

Answer 22

Zygomatics

Question 23

Living and locomoting primarily on the ground.

Answer 23

Terrestrial