Ch. 8-9

Question 1

An action that constitutes a violation of the law

Answer 1

Crime

Question 2

The eight crimes that the FBI uses to create a yearly crime list:
Homicide, Forcible Rape, Arson, Robbery, Burglary, Aggravated Assault, Larceny over $50, Vehicle Theft

Answer 2

Index Crimes

Question 3

See someone by legal authority and taken into custody

Answer 3

Arrest

Question 4

First Appearance by a criminal defendant before judge or magistrate

Answer 4

Initial Appearance

Question 5

Person arrested is required to pay fee to go free

Answer 5

Bail

Question 6

Takes place in criminal court proceedings soon after the defendant has been criminally arraigned, the judge determines if there is enough evidence for the defendant to stand trial

Answer 6

Preliminary Hearing

Question 7

Prosecution may file charges on all crimes for which the police arrested a suspect; prosecutor can decide to whether or not to press charges

Answer 7

Charging (with a crime)

Question 8

A jury that examines the validity of the accusation before trial; they can charge or not, can also determine whether criminal charges (usually 23 people)

Answer 8

Grand Jury

Question 9

A hearing where the person is accused of a crime is called before the court to answer to criminal charges or incitement, occur shortly after the arrest and booking the defendant will hear the charges and will have to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty

Answer 9

Arraignment

Question 10

A person accused of a crime

Answer 10

Defendant

Question 11

A person who charges a fee to criminal defendants in exchange for helping pay their bail

Answer 11

Bail Bondsman

Question 12

Imprisonment of a person with the aim of preventing them from committing further defenses or a mandatory public order

Answer 12

Preventive Detention

Question 13

A public official who initiates public proceedings against a person accused of a crime

Answer 13

Prosecutor

Question 14

A formal document filed with a court of law or law enforcement agency, presenting a concise narration of an alleged criminal conduct and the identification of involved parties

Answer 14

Charging Documents

Question 15

First document filed by PLAINTIFF against the defendant, contains the facts and reasons why the plaintiff is bringing charges against defendant

Answer 15

Complaint

Question 16

A statement informing a magistrate of the offenses for which a warrant or summon is solved; an accusation or complaint

Answer 16

Information

Question 17

A formal accusation based on available evidence; probable cause

Answer 17

Indictment

Question 18

Reasonable grounds for making an arrest or search by police; usually made decided by judge

Answer 18

Probable Cause

Question 19

If evidence is deemed sufficient, a grand jury will issue a true bill of indictment that there is probable cause

Answer 19

True Bill

Question 20

Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court

Answer 20

Exclusionary Rule

Question 21

A formal notice of abandonment by plaintiff or prosecutor on all or part of suit of action; a voluntary ending of a case before the trial or verdict is rendered

Answer 21

Noelle Prosequi

Question 22

Major participants in the criminal justice system: prosecutor, defendant, defense attorney, judge

Answer 22

Courthouse Work Group

Question 23

Norms in proper sentencing based on the crime committed

Answer 23

Normal Penalties

Question 24

Process through which a defendant pleads guilty to criminal charge with the expectation of receiving some benefit from the state

Answer 24

Please Bargaining

Question 25

A type of plea bargaining in what is relevant in a guilty plea, the prosecutor allows the defendant to plead guilty to a less serious charge than the one filed

Answer 25

Charge Bargaining

Question 26

A type of plea bargaining in which a defendant pleads guilty to the same, but not all, of the counts contained in the charging document, which reduces the potential sentence

Answer 26

Count Bargaining

Question 27

A type of plea bargain in which the defendant pleads guilty knowing the sentence bargain is less than the maximum sentence

Answer 27

Sentence Bargaining

Question 28

A defendant plea of “no contest” in a criminal case- does not admit guilt but submits to sentencing or other punishments

Answer 28

Plea of Nolo Contendere

Question 29

Offered plea is an informal admission of guilt and expression of innocence is ceremonial court; a plea bargain that allows the defendant to accept the consequences of a guilty verdict without a trial

Answer 29

Alford Plea

Question 30

Parole

Answer 30

Continual release of an inmate from prison after serving a portion of the sentence

Question 31

“Good Time”

Answer 31

Days off a sentence for good behavior

Question 32

Probation

Answer 32

Punishment for crime that allows the offender to remain in the community without incarceration but subject to certain conditions

Question 33

Fine

Answer 33

Sum of money to be given to the state by a conceited person as a punishment for an offense

Question 34

Pre sentence Investigation

Answer 34

Probation officers present to the judge a report containing information about the offender so the judge can base his/her sentencing decision

Question 35

Prior record

Answer 35

Defendant’s previous history of criminal corrections

Question 36

Sentencing Discrimination

Answer 36

Illegitimate influence on sentence process

Question 37

Sentencing Disparity

Answer 37

Inconsistencies in sentencing

Question 38

Geography of justice

Answer 38

Variations in sentencing- different variations, different locations

Question 39

Sentencing guidelines

Answer 39

Attempt to reduce disparities and discriminations in sentencing by providing judges with a structure to guide their decisions

Question 40

Capital punishments

Answer 40

Use of death penalty as the punishment for the commission of a particular crime

Question 41

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

Answer 41

Punishment by the government that is prohibited by the 8th amendment of the constitution

Question 42

Bifurcated Trial

Answer 42

Only in death penalty cases; two part trial: first for guilt or innocence, the second for death penalty