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Vas > Ch. 8 (DS) > Flashcards

Ch. 8 (DS) Flashcards

1
Q

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.

a. Hepatic artery

b. Intestinal tract

c. Splenic artery

d. Peripheral venous system

A

b. Intestinal tract

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2
Q

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Superior mesenteric artery

c. Cystic artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

A

c. Cystic artery

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3
Q

The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:

a. Gallbladder

b. Pancreas

c. Spleen

d. Kidneys

A

d. Kidneys

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4
Q

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

a. Superior mesenteric artery

b. Superior mesenteric vein

c. Inferior mesenteric vein

d. Splenic vein

A

b. Superior mesenteric vein

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5
Q

The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Splenic artery

d. Superior mesenteric artery

A

b. Gastroduodenal artery

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6
Q

Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

a. Hepatic artery

b. Portal vein

c. Left renal vein

d. Superior mesenteric artery

A

d. Superior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the:

a. Distal half of colon and the liver

b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines

c. Small intestine and the proximal half of colon

d. Large intestine and the distal half of colon

A

b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines

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8
Q

Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

a. Pancreatic

b. Portal

c. Superior mesenteric

d. Splenic

A

d. Splenic

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9
Q

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

a. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.

b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

c. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.

d. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.

A

b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

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10
Q

The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).

a. 2

b. 4

c. 10

d. 23

A

d. 23

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11
Q

Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the:

a. Hepatic veins

b. Hepatic arteries

c. Portal veins

d. Inferior vena cava (IVC)

A

a. Hepatic veins

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12
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:

a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

b. Ascending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

c. Descending colon

d. Ascending colon and rectum

A

a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

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13
Q

The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).

a. Anterior

b. Posterior

c. Lateral

d. Medial

A

b. Posterior

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14
Q

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Renal artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Inferior mesenteric artery

A

c. Superior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?

a. Left renal vein

b. Celiac trunk

c. Gastroduodenal artery

d. Left renal artery

A

a. Left renal vein

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16
Q

Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta:

a. At the level of L4

b. Superior to the SMA

c. Superior to the hepatic arteries

d. Inferior to the SMA

A

d. Inferior to the SMA

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17
Q

The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:

a. Right ventricle

b. Left atrium

c. Right coronary sinus

d. Right atrium

A

d. Right atrium

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18
Q

Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

a. Common bile duct

b. Common hepatic artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

A

c. Superior mesenteric artery

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19
Q

Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?

a. Splenic artery

b. Hepatic artery

c. Superior mesenteric
artery

d. Splenic vein

A

d. Splenic vein

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20
Q

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:

a. Common hepatic artery

b. Left gastric artery

c. Splenic artery

d. Superior mesenteric artery

A

a. Common hepatic artery

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21
Q

The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:

a. Cystic medial necrosis

b. Syphilis

c. Atheroma

d. Arteriosclerosis

A

d. Arteriosclerosis

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22
Q

In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.

a. Rupture

b. Atrioventricular fistula

c. Retroperitoneal tumor

d. Infection

A

b. Atrioventricular fistula

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23
Q

The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:

a. Islet cell carcinoma

b. Renal cell carcinoma

c. Venous angioma

d. Nephroma

A

b. Renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:

a. Abdominal rupture

b. Superior mesenteric thrombus

c. Retroperitoneal tumor

d. IVC thrombosis

A

d. IVC thrombosis

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25
Q

Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?

a. Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible.

b. Loss of normal renal structure occurs.

c. Renal size increases in the acute phase.

d. Doppler flow increases.

A

d. Doppler flow increases.

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26
Q

Fatty infiltration may be seen in all patients except those with:
diabetes mellitus
chronic alcoholism
hepatoportal fistula
hepatitis

A

hepatoportal fistula

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27
Q

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include:
accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and overall decreased echogenicity of liver
decreased brightness and echogenicity of liver
increased brightness and echogenicity of liver; no demonstration of portal vein radicles
ascites, decreased brightness, and echogenicity

A

accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and overall decreased echogenicity of liver

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28
Q

The most common benign tumor of the liver is:
mesenchyma hamartoma
adenoma
cavernous hemangioma
infantile hemangioendothelioma

A

cavernous hemangioma

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29
Q

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had:
hemochromatosis
adenosis
cirrhosis
carcinosis

A

cirrhosis

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30
Q

The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is:
metastases
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatoma
hamartoma

A

metastases

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31
Q

In severe hepatocellular destruction, the AST and ALT are:
high
moderately high
moderate
mild

A

high

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32
Q

Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with:
biliary obstruction
tumor lesion in the liver
hepatocellular disease
cystic disease of the liver

A

biliary obstruction

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33
Q

Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent:
obstructive portal disease
cirrhosis
Budd-Chiari syndrome
acute viral hepatitis

A

cirrhosis

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34
Q

Elevation of serum bilirubin results in:
hepatocellular disease
ascites
jaundice
hemolysis

A

jaundice

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35
Q

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT:
fever.
decreased white blood count
pain
increased white blood count

A

decreased white blood count

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36
Q

The vascular tumor composed of blood vessel cells with nonspecific sonographic findings is:
adenoma
hemangioma
Ewing’s angioma
hamartoma

A

hemangioma

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37
Q

The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the:
common hepatic duct
cystic duct
common bile duct
common pancreatic duct

A

common hepatic duct

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38
Q

The hepatic duct is joined by the _____ to form the _____.
pancreatic duct; cystic duct
cystic duct; common bile duct
common bile duct; cystic duct
right hepatic duct; common bile duct

A

cystic duct; common bile duct

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39
Q

The cystic duct connects the _____ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the _____.
fundus; common hepatic duct (CHD)
fundus; common bile duct (CBD)
neck; CBD
body; CHD

A

neck; CBD

40
Q

A phrygian cap of the gallbladder is:
partial septation
calcification of the gallbladder wall
septations within the organ
folding of the fundus

A

folding of the fundus

41
Q

The function of the gallbladder is:
storage for extra cholesterol
storage for enzymes
reservoir for bile
reservoir for biliary salts

A

reservoir for bile

42
Q

Hartmann’s pouch is formed:
when septations divide the neck from the cystic duct
when the gallbladder folds back on itself at the neck
when the gallbladder is partially septated
when the fundus is folded

A

when the gallbladder folds back on itself at the neck

43
Q

Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
hematuria
right upper quadrant pain
right shoulder pain
nausea and vomiting

A

hematuria

44
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder is:
cholecystitis
choledocholithiasis
cholesterosis
adenomyomatosis

A

cholecystitis

45
Q

Gallstone appearance on ultrasound examination is:
dependent, mobile, echogenic
dependent, immobile, echogenic
dependent, float, immobile
independent, mobile, hypoechoic

A

dependent, mobile, echogenic

46
Q

Cholelithiasis is characterized on ultrasound as:
fuzzy margins
low-level echoes beyond the stone
shaggy borders of the margin
clean shadow with distinct margins

A

clean shadow with distinct margins

47
Q

Nonshadowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder is most characteristic of:
stones
porcelain gallbladder
cholecystitis
sludge

A

sludge

48
Q

The head of the pancreas lies in the:
lap of the liver
lap of the gallbladder, common bile duct (CBD)
lap of the duodenum
lap of the lesser omentum

A

lap of the duodenum

49
Q

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the:
right lobe of liver
caudate lobe of liver
right lateral fissure of liver
left lateral fissure of liver

A

caudate lobe of liver

50
Q

The _____ is the anterolateral border of the pancreas.
common bile duct
gastroduodenal artery
hepatic duct
superior mesenteric vein

A

gastroduodenal artery

51
Q

The tail of the pancreas is found:
posterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum
anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum
posterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum
anterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum

A

anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum

52
Q

The primary pancreatic duct is the:
duct of Santorini
duct of Ampulla
duct of Vater
duct of Wirsung

A

duct of Wirsung

53
Q

The duct of Santorini is a/an:
small accessory duct to the gallbladder
accessory duct to the cystic duct
accessory duct to the pancreas
small opening in the duodenum

A

accessory duct to the pancreas

54
Q

The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than:
1 mm
3 mm
5 mm
6 mm

A

3 mm

55
Q

The enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is:
aspartate amniotransferase (AST)
alkaline phosphatase
amylase
lipase

A

lipase

56
Q

The splenic artery is considered to be the:
superior border of the pancreas
lateral border of the pancreas
anterior border of the pancreas
inferior posterior border of the pancreas

A

superior border of the pancreas

57
Q

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following EXCEPT:
severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder
elevated amylase
nausea and vomiting

A

severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder

58
Q

The pancreas is reflective in its sonographic appearance because of the multiple:
islets of Langerhans
Cooper’s ligaments
small glands or acini
fat between the lobules

A

fat between the lobules

59
Q

Gallstones are present in 40% to 60% of patients with:
chronic pancreatitis
annular pancreas
cystic fibrosis
acute pancreatitis

A

acute pancreatitis

60
Q

On ultrasound, acute pancreatitis may appear:
homogeneous
echogenic
calcified
hypoechoic

A

hypoechoic

61
Q

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is:
surgery
drinking
baseball
trauma

A

trauma

62
Q

A patient who presents with jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable right upper quadrant (RUQ) mass should be evaluated for:
cholecystitis
adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
pancreatitis
pancreatic pseudocyst

A

adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

63
Q

The most common type of thyroiditis is:
deQuervain’s
Courvoisier’s
Hashimoto’s
Stein-Leventhal

A

Hashimoto’s

64
Q

The landmark for the posteriolateral border of the thyroid is:
trachea
esophagus
strap muscle
common carotid artery
superior thyoid artery

A

common carotid artery

65
Q

Hyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse goiter is associated with:
papillary carcinoma
Grave’s disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
adenoma

A

Grave’s disease

66
Q

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT:
fever.
decreased white blood count
pain
increased white blood count

A

decreased white blood count

67
Q

The splenic artery is considered to be the:
superior border of the pancreas
lateral border of the pancreas
anterior border of the pancreas
inferior posterior border of the pancreas

A

superior border of the pancreas

68
Q

The splenic vein is considered to be the:
superior posterior border of the pancreas
superior border of the pancreas
medial posterior border of the pancreas
inferior posterior border of the pancreas

A

medial posterior border of the pancreas

69
Q

Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a:
cross-renal ectopia
pelvic kidney
supernumerary kidney
horseshoe kidney

A

horseshoe kidney

70
Q

The most echogenic portion of the kidney is/are the:
cortex
sinus
medullary pyramids
parenchyma

A

sinus

71
Q

A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a/an:
junctional parenchymal defect
dromedary hump
extrarenal pelvis
column of Bertin

A

dromedary hump

72
Q

Dilatation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of:
duplex collection system
column of Bertin
hydronephrosis
extrarenal pelvis

A

hydronephrosis

73
Q

The kidneys are located in the:
peritoneal cavity
retroperitoneal cavity
perirenal cavity
perirenal space

A

retroperitoneal cavity

74
Q

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n):
renal tumor
artifact from rib
IVC compression
junctional parenchymal defect

A

junctional parenchymal defect

75
Q

The normal sonographic texture of the spleen is:
homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver.
hypoechoic
isoechoic but more echogenic than the liver
hyperechoic

A

homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver.

76
Q

A potential space located between the liver edge and right kidney is:
Morison’s pouch
Douglas’ pouch
cul-de-sac
Winhauer’s space

A

Morison’s pouch

77
Q

Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC via the:
renal vein
renal artery
portal vein
splenic vein

A

renal vein

78
Q

Which of the following is a benign fatty tumor of the kidney?
angiomyolipoma
hypernephroma
neuroblastoma
lymphoma

A

angiomyolipoma

79
Q

The most common benign neoplasms in the spleen include all of the following EXCEPT:
cavernous hemangiomas
infarctions
cystic lymphangiomas
hamartomas

A

infarctions

80
Q

The left renal vein courses:
posterior to the IVC
anterior to the IVC
anterior to the aorta
anterior to the superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior to the aorta

81
Q

A pelvic kidney has a(n):
abnormal appearance in a normal location
normal appearance in an abnormal location
normal appearance in a normal location
abnormal renal pelvis

A

normal appearance in an abnormal location

82
Q

Splenomegaly may result from all except which of the following?
an inflammatory process
a left subphrenic abscess
a metastatic disease to the spleen
polycythemia vera

A

a left subphrenic abscess

83
Q

In a _____ hematoma of the spleen, the splenic capsule remains intact.
interparenchymal
subcapsular
intraperitoneal
interperitoneal

A

subcapsular

84
Q

See image above. . What is the most likely diagnosis?

multiple hemangiomas
multiple metestatic lesions
multiple cyst
multiple adenomas

A

multiple metestatic lesions

85
Q

A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with
bifid renal pelvis
renal pyramid
column of Bertin
junctional parenchymal defect

A

renal pyramid

86
Q

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n)
renal tumor
artifact from rib
IVC compression
junctional parenchymal defect

A

junctional parenchymal defect

87
Q

The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the:
right adrenal artery
right renal artery
left renal artery
left renal vein

A

right renal artery

88
Q

Which statement describes the correct anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen?
the diaphragm is anterior, lateral and inferior to the spleen
the fundus of the stomach and lesser sac are medial and posterior to the splenic hilum
the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen
the right adrenal and kidney lie superior to the spleen

A

the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen

89
Q

When accessory spleens are present, they usually are located:
at the inferior margin of the spleen
on the posterior aspect of the spleen
near the hilum of the spleen
near the kidney

A

near the hilum of the spleen

90
Q

Which of the following statements about the spleen is FALSE?
A prominent bulge along along the medial surface of the spleen can be seen in normal patients.
The normal-sized spleen should not extend caudal to the mid portion of the left kidney.
The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ.
the sonographic texture of the normal spleen is homogeneous.

A

The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ.

91
Q

he normal sonographic texture of the spleen is:
homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver
hypoechoic
isoechoic but more echogenic than the liver
hyperechoic

A

homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver

92
Q

The splenic artery is a branch of which of the following vascular structures?
abdominal aorta
gastric artery
celiac axis
superior mesenteric artery

A

celiac axis

93
Q

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is:
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
Wilms’ tumor
Von Hippel-Lindau tumor

A

Wilms’ tumor

94
Q

A sign of transplant rejection is:
Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7
RI greater than 0.4
RI less than 0.4
No RI

A

Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7

95
Q
A

Vas (10 decks)

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