Ch. 8 - Erythrocyte Production and Destruction

Question 0

The body’s response to diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Answer 0

Anemia

Question 1

Major cytoplasmic component of mature RBCs for the attachment of oxygen

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

2 functionally identifiable erythroid progenitors

Answer 2

• Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E)

- Colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)

Question 3

3 erythroid precursors

Answer 3

• pronormoblast
• basophilic normoblast
• polychromatophilic normoblast

Question 4

How many mature RBCs result from a single pronormoblast?

Answer 4

8

Question 5

Stains used in examining peripheral blood film or bone marrow smear

Answer 5

Modified Romanowsky stain: Wright or Wright-Giemsa

Question 6

Maturation sequence of RBCs (rubriblastic)

Answer 6

• rubriblast
• prorubricyte
• rubricyte
• metarubricyte
• polychromatophilic erythrocyte
• erythrocyte

Question 7

3 erythroid precursors capable of mitotic division

Answer 7

• pronormoblast
• basophilic normoblast
• polychromatophilic normoblast

Question 8

First erythroid precursor without nucleoli

Answer 8

Polychomatophilic normoblast

Question 9

Small fragments of nucleus that are left behind if the pseudopod-like projection is pinched off before the entire nucleus is enveloped by cell membrane

Answer 9

Howell-Jolly bodies

Question 10

Erythroid precursor during which the nucleus is ejected

Answer 10

Orthochromic normoblast

Question 11

2 erythroid maturation stages without nucleus

Answer 11

• Polychromatic erythrocyte

- erythrocyte

Question 12

Enzyme in polychomatophilic erythrocyte that digests ribosomes

Answer 12

Endoribonuclease

Question 13

Residual ribosomes in polychromatophilic erythrocytes that appear as a mesh of small blue strands or blue dots

Answer 13

Reticulum

Question 14

Stained polychromatophilic erythrocytes with reticulum

Answer 14

Reticulocytes

Question 15

2 characteristics of the membrane of the erythrocyte responsible for oxygen delivery

Answer 15

• flexible

- deformable

Question 16

Dynamics of RBC production and destruction

Answer 16

Erythrokinetics

Question 17

Collection of all stages of erythrocytes throught the body

Answer 17

Erythron

Question 18

Term that refers only to the cells in circulation

Answer 18

RBC mass

Question 19

Location of the primary oxygen-sensing system of the body. Detects hypoxia

Answer 19

Peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney

Question 20

Condition where there is too little oxygen

Answer 20

Hypoxia

Question 21

Produces erythropoietin

Answer 21

Peritubular cells of the kidney

Question 22

Major stimulatory cytokine for RBCs

Answer 22

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 23

The mechanism by which hypoxia increases EPO production in peritubular cells

Answer 23

Transcriptional regulation

Question 24

Component of erythropoietin that reacts specifically with RBC receptors

Answer 24

Carbohydrate unit

Question 25

Component of erythropoietin that is necessary for biologic activity in vivo

Answer 25

Terminal sialic acid unit

Question 26

Mediates EPO's effects that in turn affect gene activities in the RBC nucleus

Answer 26

Intracellular Janus tyrosine kinase signal transducers

Question 27

Death receptor on the earliest RBC precursors whic is expressed by more mature RBCs

Answer 27

Fas and its ligand, FasL

Question 28

A mechanism to escape apoptosis where there is stimulation of antiapoptotic molecules which allows the cell to survive and mature

Answer 28

EPO rescue

Question 29

Cell that has the most EPO receptors and is most sensitive to EPO

Answer 29

CFU-E

Question 30

The antiapoptotic molecule that results from the cooperation of EPO and the transcription factor GATA-1

Answer 30

bcl-xL

Question 31

Substance that is synthesized due to EPO which effectively increases the rate of many processes, especially hemoglobin production

Answer 31

RBC RNA

Question 32

Cells that exit the marrow during conditions boen marrow stress, such as anemias. Large, bluish cells lacking central pallor

Answer 32

Stress reticulocytes

Question 33

Place where hematopoiesis occurs. A loose arrangement of cells in a dilated sinus area between the arterioles that feed the bone and the venous sinus that returns the blood to efferent veins

Answer 33

Marrow cords

Question 34

Place where erythropoiesis occurs. Macrophages surrounded by erythroid precursors in various stages of development.

Answer 34

Erythroid islands

Question 35

Secreted by macrophages during erythropoiesis

Answer 35

Ferritin

Question 36

Substance where developing RBCs obtain the most iron

Answer 36

Transferrin

Question 37

3 components of the anchoring system during erythropoiesis

Answer 37

- stable matrix of stromal cells to which normoblasts can attach - bridging (adhesive) molecules for attachment - receptors on the erythrocyte membrane

Question 38

Anchors the RBCs to the extracellular matrix to the bone marrow

Answer 38

Fibronectin

Question 39

Cellular aging

Answer 39

Senescence

Question 40

2 plasma proteins that salvage the released hemoglobin during intravascular hemolysis so that its iron is not lost

Answer 40

- haptoglobin | - hemopexin