Ch. 8: Evidence-Based Practice: Theory and Research

Question 1

define mechanical nursing

Answer 1

based on getting the task done

Question 2

define holistic nursing

Answer 2

requires meeting the needs of the whole person

Question 3

clinical practice theory

Answer 3

theory that is immediately applicable in the clinical setting

Question 4

The Framingham Heart Study

Answer 4

1. longitudinal, multidisciplinary research project
2. consists of several studies carried out over 50 years
3. to identify health and healthcare practices of Framingham, Massachusetts

Question 5

which study made the use of mammography an accepted practice?

Answer 5

The Framingham Heart Study

Question 6

who developed Science of Human Caring theory

Answer 6

Dr. Jean Watson

Question 7

this theory describes what caring means from a nursing perspective.

Answer 7

science of human caring

Question 8

why was the science of human caring and other caring theories developed?

Answer 8

nurses were mechanistic and needed to be taught how to care

Nurses worked mostly as “things to do”

Question 9

caring theories demonstrate the value of

Answer 9

the non-task-oriented aspects of nursing

Question 10

theory that describes the progression of a beginning nurse to increasing levels of expertise

Answer 10

Novice to Expert

Question 11

Benner’s theory provides information necessary to

Answer 11

understand how you learn and perform your nursing responsibilties

Question 12

define novice

Answer 12

a beginning nurse

new to the nursing profession

Question 13

a theory is an organized set of related ideas and concepts that helps us…

Answer 13

1. find meaning in our experiences
2. organize our thinking around an idea
3. develop a new ideas and insights into the work we do

Question 14

define assumptions

Answer 14

something deemed to be true and thus is not tested with research

Question 15

define paradigm

Answer 15

worldview or ideology of a discipline

broadest, most global conceptual framework of a discipline

Question 16

any nursing theory should address the 4 basic concepts that are said to be the phenomena of concern for nursing:

Answer 16

1. person
2. environment
3. health
4. nursing

Question 17

caring theory. nursing is an interpersonal theory

Answer 17

Watson

Question 18

what was Florence Nightingale’s theory regarding the care for soldiers?

Answer 18

more men would survive if they had a clean and healthy environment and nutritious food (so the body could heal itself)

Question 19

state Florence Nightingale’s theory

Answer 19

clean environment would improve the health of patients

Question 20

state Virginia Henderson contribution to nursing

Answer 20

1. Basic Principles of Nursing Care
2. nurses deserve to know what it means to be a nurse
3. identified 14 basic needs that are addressed by nursing care

Question 21

who defined:
“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided of he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. And do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible”

Answer 21

Virginia Henderson

Question 22

state the idea of Dr. Hildegard Peplau

Answer 22

health could be improved for psychiatric patients if there was a more effective way to communicate with them
(because in the 1900s, actually talking to psychiatric patients and developing personal relationship was not done)

Question 23

which theorist was big on transpersonal caring (spiritual caring, going high and beyond, wholeness of mind, body, and spirit)

Answer 23

Jean Watson

Question 24

______ involves personal concern for persons, events, projects, and things

Answer 24

caring

Question 25

caring also makes the nurse notice which

Answer 25

interventions are effective

Question 26

this theory stresses that each person is unique, so that

Answer 26

caring is always specific and relational for each nurse-person encounter

Question 27

who developed 5 stages of knowledge development and acquisition of nursing skills?

Answer 27

Patricia Benner

Question 28

the Benner Model states that the nurse contributes to the person's health according to

Answer 28

her skill level

Question 29

define cultural competence

Answer 29

using knowledge of cultures and of nursing to provide culturally congruent and responsible care

Question 30

Which theorist focused on caring as cultural competence?

Answer 30

Madeleine Leininger

Question 31

who was behind interpersonal relations model

Answer 31

Hildegard Peplau

Question 32

who was incharge of 14 basic needs addressed by nursing care, definition of nursing,

Answer 32

Virginia Henderson

Question 33

who? | purpose of nursing is to support and meet patients' needs for help. Nursing is a helping art

Answer 33

Ernestine Wiedenback

Question 34

who? science of unitary human beings focuses on the betterment of human kind through new and innovative modalities. Maintaining an environment free of negative energy is important

Answer 34

Martha Rogers

Question 35

self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. Goal is to help client attain total self-care

Answer 35

Dorothea Orem

Question 36

adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children. The model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness

Answer 36

Sr. Callista Roy

Question 37

what is Maslow's Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs

Answer 37

certain human needs are more common to all people, but some needs are more "basic" than others. the lower levels must be met before the higher levels could

Question 38

name Maslow's Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs (top to bottom)

Answer 38

1. Self-actualization 2. self-esteem 3. love and belonging 4. safety and security 5. physiological

Question 39

define physiological needs

Answer 39

are those that must be met to maintain life (food, air, water ,temperature regulation, elimination)

Question 40

may refer to either physical (falls, infection, effects of meds and having adequate housing) or emotional (freedom from fear and anxiety) needs

Answer 40

safety and security needs

Question 41

describe love and belonging needs

Answer 41

1. person strives for meaningful relationships with others | 2. basic need to love and be loved, give and receive affection, and have a feeling of belonging

Question 42

describe self-esteem needs

Answer 42

1. comes through a sense of accomplishment and recognition from others and brings confidence and independence 2. recognition from positive behaviors

Question 43

refers to the need to reach your full potential and to act unselfishly person has developed wisdom and knows what to do in a variety of situations

Answer 43

self-actualization

Question 44

name the two growth needs that must be met before reaching self-actualization

Answer 44

1. cognitive needs to know, understand, and explore | 2. aesthetic needs for symmetry, order, and beauty

Question 45

name the higher need Maslow identified after self-actualization

Answer 45

transcendence of self

Question 46

define transcendence of self

Answer 46

drive to connect to something beyond oneself and to help others realize their potential

Question 47

______ theory arises from social work and provides for a way to communicate with older people with dementia

Answer 47

validation theory

Question 48

validation theory asks that the nurse...

Answer 48

go where the demented person is in his own mind

Question 49

describe Stress and Adaptation Theory by Hans Selye

Answer 49

states that a certain amount of stress is good for people; it keeps them motivated and alert. However, too much stress, called distress, results in physiological symptoms and eventual illness

Question 50

define informed consent

Answer 50

1. must be obtained from every participant in a study 2. is obtained by discussing what is expected of the participant, providing written information on the project to the participant, and obtaining the participant's written consent to be a subject