Ch. 8 Photosynthesis

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

a conversion process where specialized molecular complexes in chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy that is stored in sugar and other molecules

Question 2

organisms acquire organic compounds used for energy and carbon skeletons by 2 major modes

Answer 2

autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition

Question 3

autotroph

Answer 3

“self-feeders” that sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living things

Question 4

autotrophs produce their organic molecules from

Answer 4

carbon dioxide and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the environment

Question 5

producers of biosphere

Answer 5

autotrophs (plants)

Question 6

photoautotrophs (plants)

Answer 6

organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances

Question 7

heterotroph

Answer 7

unable to make their own food and live on compounds produced by other organisms

Question 8

consumers of biosphere, eats plants or other organisms

Answer 8

heterotrophs

Question 9

decomposers (fungi, prokaryotes)

Answer 9

heterotrophs that decompose and feed on the remains of other organisms and organic litter such as feces and fallen leaves

Question 10

heterotrophs are completely dependent, either directly/indirectly, on photoautotrophs for

Answer 10

food and energy

Question 11

by-product of photosynthesis

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

two stages of photosynthesis

Answer 12

light reactions and calvin cycle

Question 13

light reactions

Answer 13

capture solar energy and transform it into chemical energy

Question 14

calvin cycle

Answer 14

uses chemical energy from light reactions to make organic molecules of food (sugar)

Question 15

allows plant to harness light energy and use it to drive synthesis of organic compounds

Answer 15

structural organization

Question 16

photosynthetic enzymes and molecules are grouped

Answer 16

close together to enable necessary chemical reactions to be carried out efficiently

Question 17

major site of photosynthesis in plants

Answer 17

leaves

Question 18

all green parts of a plant have

Answer 18

chloroplasts

Question 19

chloroplast

Answer 19

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place

Question 20

chloroplast structure

Answer 20

envelope of 2 membranes (eukaryotic) and surrounded by stroma

Question 21

stroma

Answer 21

dense fluid surrounding chloroplasts (similar to cytoplasm)

Question 22

thylakoids

Answer 22

stacked in columns called grana (singular: granum) and separates thylakoid space inside sacs from stroma

Question 23

chlorophyll ll

Answer 23

green pigment that resides in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and gives plants their green color

Question 24

mesophyll

Answer 24

tissue in the interior of the leaf where chloroplasts are found in cells of

Question 25

stomata

Answer 25

microscopic pores that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit

Question 26

veins

Answer 26

deliver water absorbed in plant roots to leaves and export sugar to non photosynthetic parts of the plant (root)

Question 27

water split of photosynthesis

Answer 27

provides source of electrons and protons

Question 28

light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives

Answer 28

transfer of NADP⁺ (primary electron acceptor) where electrons are stored

Question 29

light reactions use solar energy to

Answer 29

reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH by adding pair of electrons along with H⁺

Question 30

light reactions generate

Answer 30

ATP using chemiosmosis

Question 31

light reactions convert light energy in 2 forms

Answer 31

NADPH and ATP

Question 32

light reactions do not produce

Answer 32

sugar (calvin cycle does)

Question 33

calvin cycle occurs in

Answer 33

stroma

Question 34

light reactions occur in

Answer 34

thylakoids

Question 35

carbon fixation

Answer 35

incorporates carbon dioxide from air into organic molecules already found in chloroplast

Question 36

calvin cycle reduces fixed carbon to

Answer 36

carbohydrate by addition of electrons

Question 37

to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrate,

Answer 37

carbon cycle requires energy in the form of ATP generated by light reactions

Question 38

in calvin cycle, NADPH reduces

Answer 38

electrons from light reactions

Question 39

none of the calvin cycle steps directly require

Answer 39

light

Question 40

calvin cycle makes

Answer 40

sugar

Question 41

calvin cycle can only function with

Answer 41

NADPH and ATP from light reactions