Ch. 8 Social Cognition Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 8 Social Cognition Deck (27)
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1
Q

stereotype*

A

a special type of social knowledge structure or social belief
- represent socially shared beliefs about characteristics y behaviors of a particular social group

2
Q

age-based double standard

A

standard that operates when an individual attributes an older person’s failures in memory as more serious than a memory failure observed in a YA

3
Q

implicit stereotyping

A

automatic, unconscious stereotypes

4
Q

stereotype threat

A

fear of being judged in accordance w/ a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong

(ie) job hires based on age rather than capability

5
Q

self-perception of aging**

A

individual’s perceptions of their own age y aging

6
Q

labeling theory**

A

argues when we confront an age-related stereotype, older adults are more likely to integrate it into their self-perception

7
Q

resilience theory**

A

argues confronting a (-) stereotype results in rejection of that view in favor of a more positive self-perception

8
Q

impression formation

A

the way we form y revise first impressions about others

9
Q

negativity bias

A

when ppl allow their initial (-) impressions stand despite subsequent positive info b/c (-) info was more striking to them y thus affected them more strongly

hold on to y notice more (-) things
- increases w/ age

10
Q

social knowledge / beliefs

A

a cognitive structure that represents one’s general knowledge about a given social concept or domain

(ie) women should value marriage over their career

11
Q

source judgment**

A

process of assessing knowledge wherein one attempts to determine where one obtained a particular piece of info

12
Q

knowledge accessibility based

A

availability

accessibility

13
Q

social beliefs depend on

A

(1) specific content
(2) strengths of beliefs
(3) automatically activated

14
Q

causal attributions*

A

explanations for behavior that can be situational or dispositional

15
Q

situational attribution*

A

an explanation for someone’s behavior that is external to the person
- explain behavior based on environment

(ie) flunk test b/c too hard

16
Q

dispositional attribution*

A

an explanation for someone’s behavior based on who the person is

(ie) flunk test b/c person is stupid

17
Q

correspondence bias

A

relying on dispositional info (person based) in explaining behavior and ignoring compelling situational information (environment based)

18
Q

positivity effect**

A

the tendency to attend to and process (+) info over (-) info

19
Q

cognitive style**

A

a trait-like pattern of behavior one uses when approaching a problem-solving situation

20
Q

personal control

A

the degree on believes one’s performance in a situation depends on something that one personally does

degree you feel you have control over your situation/environment

(ie) primary vs. secondary control

21
Q

assimilative activities**

A

prevent or alleviate losses in domains that are personally relevant fro self-esteem and identity

22
Q

accommodation**

A

readjusting goals y aspirations as a way to lessen or neutralize the effects of (-) self-evaluations in key domains

(ie) immigrants accommodate to the new country’s culture/customs

23
Q

immunizing mechanism**

A

alter the effects of self-discrepant evidence

(ie) after proven wrong, look at alternatives for the result or even denying the evidence

24
Q

primary control

A

bringing the environment in line w/ one’s desires y goals

(ie) lose job, primary control = look for new job

25
Q

secondary control

A

bringing oneself in line w/ environment

(ie) elder drives on smaller roads rather than busy streets to decrease other people from getting road rage

26
Q

implicit stereotype

A

stereotyped belief that affects your judgment of others w/out your awareness
- unconscious

(ie) never seen a Black person swim before

27
Q

collaborative cognition

A

when two or more people work juntos to solve a cognitive task