Ch. 8: The Market Revolution Flashcards
Companionate Marriage
A type of union that developed in the 1800s that reflected a more individualistic society and a vision of marriage as the union of two individuals bonded through intimate or sexual love, rather than the traditional institution of childbearing, kin, and property relations.
Cotton Gin
Machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 to deseed short staple cotton. Dramatically reduced the time/labor involved in cotton production, facilitating the expansion of cotton production to the South and West, and by extension, the institution of slavery.
Eerie Canal
Canal in upstate New York that runs east–west between the Hudson River and Lake Erie. Completed in 1825, the canal was the first navigable waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, vastly reducing the costs of transporting people and goods across the Appalachians
Financial Panic
Acute financial disturbance, such as widespread bank failures, feverish stock speculation followed by a market crash, or a climate of fear caused by an economic crisis or the anticipation of such a crisis.
German Triangle
The area between Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, where million of Germans immigrated in the 1800s. Many were farmers in their homeland and pursued the same livelihood in the Midwest. Living in close proximity to other Germans encouraged these immigrants to maintain traditional customs and language. The anti-immigration sentiment so prevalent in some U.S. cities gained less ground in the rural areas of the Midwest.
Gradual Abolition
The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned. Gradual emancipation statutes only applied to enslaved laborers born after the passage of the statute, and only after they had first labored for their ownwers for a term of years.
Incorporation
The process of constituting a company, city, or or other entity as a legal corporation.
Know-Nothing Party
A nativist political party and movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. The party was constituted of native-born Protestant Americans who believed that foreigners and Catholics were part of a global conspiracy to subvert civil and religious liberty in the US.
Market Revolution
Innovationsin agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation in the early 1800s that fueled increased efficiency and productivity and linked northern finannce/industry with western firms and southern plantations
Nativism
The belief that foreigners pose a serious danger to the nation’s socity, economy, and culture. Nativist sentiment rose in the US as the size and diversity of the immigrant poplation grew.
Putting-Out System
a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system. In putting-out, work is contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who complete the project via remote work.
Sperate Spheres
Widespread social belief that emerged in the late 1700s and early 1800s that men and women should occupy seperate places in society. According to this belief, men should occupy the social public sphere and work, while women belonged to the domestic private sphere, caring for their family & household.
Waltham-Lowell System
A labor system employing young farm women in New England factories that originated in 1822 and declined after 1860, when immigrant labor became predominant. The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
Social Class
a grouping based on similar social factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation
