CH 9

Question 1

diet

Answer 1

one’s usual pattern of food choices

Question 2

nutrients

Answer 2

substances in food that are necessary for growth, repair, maintenance of tissues

Question 3

phytochemicals

Answer 3

a group of nonnutrients that are produced by plants and may have beneficial effects on the body

Question 4

antioxidants

Answer 4

compounds that protect cells from free-radical damage

Question 5

probiotics

Answer 5

live bacteria that may benefit health

Question 6

digestion

Answer 6

the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules that the intestinal tract can absorb

Question 7

absorption

Answer 7

the passage of nutrients through the walls of the intestinal tract

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

all chemical reactions that take place in the body

Question 9

calorie

Answer 9

a unit of energy

Question 10

carbohydrates

Answer 10

a class of nutrients that includes sugars and starches

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

the most important monosaccharide in the human body

Question 12

dietary fiber

Answer 12

indigestible substances produced by plants

Question 13

diabetes mellitus

Answer 13

a group of chronic diseases characterized by the inability to metabolize carbs properly

Question 14

adipose cells

Answer 14

cells that store fat

Question 15

constipation

Answer 15

a condition characterized by having fewer than three bowel movements per week

Question 16

hemorrhoids

Answer 16

painfully swollen veins in the rectal and anal areas

Question 17

diverticulosis

Answer 17

an intestinal disorder that occurs when the colon lining forms small pouches that protrude through the outer wall of the colon

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

a class of nutrients that includes triglycerides and cholestorol

Question 19

triglycerides

Answer 19

the most prevalent form of lipids in foods; often called fat

Question 20

cholestorol

Answer 20

a type of lipid found only in animals

Question 21

proteins

Answer 21

a class of nutrients that are needed to build, maintain, and repair cells

Question 22

amino acids

Answer 22

the chemical units that compose proteins

Question 23

celiac disease

Answer 23

a condition characterized by hypersensitivity to gluten

Question 24

vitamins

Answer 24

a class of organic nutrients that help regulate growth; release energy from carbs, fats, and proteins; and maintain tissues

Question 25

minerals

Answer 25

a class of inorganic nutrients that includes several elements, such as iron, calcium, and zinc

Question 26

osteoporosis

Answer 26

an age-related condition in which bones lose density, becoming weak and breaking easily

Question 27

nutrient requirement

Answer 27

the minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents that nutrient’s deficiency disease

Question 28

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

Answer 28

a set of standards for evaluating the nutritional quality of diets

Question 29

malnutrition

Answer 29

overnutrition or undernutrition that results when diets supply improper amounts of nutrients