Ch. 9 Flashcards
(28 cards)
A set of factors that activate,
direct, and maintain behavior,
usually toward some goal.
Motivation
hunger, thirst, and sex
Biological motives
affiliation, arousal,
autonomy, achievement,
dominance, and order.
Social motives
that direct behavior to
meet the need and ultimately bring
the system back to homeostasis or
physiological equilibrium./. Most of us initially eat because our hunger “pushes” us
Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation
maintain an optimal level of arousal that
maximizes their performance.
optimal-arousal theory
he sight of apple pie or ice cream too often “pulls” us toward continued eating
incentive theory
Causes of obesity 5
Genetic Predisposition, Excessive Eating and Inadequate Exercise, Inadequate Sleep, The Concept of Set Point
the ideal for ones height and age
Body weight 15% or more above
a tool that healthcare providers use to estimate the amount of body fat by using your height and weight measurements. It can help assess risk factors for certain health conditions.
Body mass index (BMI)
defined as referring to which gender you are sexually aroused by,
sexual orientation
Studies on identical and fraternal twins and adopted siblings found that if one identical twin was gay,
48 to 65 % of the time, so was the second twin.
Estimates of homosexuality in the general population run between
2 – 10%.
The
gap in terms of interest in sexual
activity is greatest beginning in
middle age
Males look for youth and
attractiveness, which indicate good health, in mates to bear offspring and Females look for
mates that are of high status and ambitious that can provide resources for their offspring.
Parental investment theory
This is mostly
determined by environmental
factors, such as parental
upbringing.
Achievement
Motivation
What are the six characteristics of Achievement motivation?
-Preference for moderately difficult tasks
-Competitiveness
-Preference for clear goals with competent feedback
-Responsibility
-Persistence
-More accomplished
parents who reward their children for getting good grades or punish like take away their phone
Extrinsic Motivation
personal satisfaction from a task or activity/(“because I like it”; “because it’s fun”).
Intrinsic Motivation
involves a subjective conscious experience (cognitions), accompanied by bodily arousal
(physiological responses), and overt expressions (behaviors).
Emotions
“I thought it would make me happier or I didn’t
know it would affect me to that extent”.
Affective Forecasting
says that we
quickly become accustomed to receiving
some good fortune (money, job, car,
degree), we take the good fortune for
granted within a short period of time, and
the impact of good fortune fades and
contributes less to our long-term level of
happiness.
Adaptation level theory
was the first to
suggest that feelings of arousal cause emotion, rather than vice versa.
James-Lange theory
The dog makes me tremble and feel afraid
Cannon-Bard
I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation as dangerous.
Schachter
