Ch 9

Question 1

What’s a virus?

Answer 1

a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell.

Question 2

Are viruses cells?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

In what way are viruses like organsims?

Answer 3

The only way in which viruses are like organisms is that they can multiply.

Question 4

When can viruses multiply?

Answer 4

viruses can only multiply when they are inside a living cell.

Question 5

what’s a host

Answer 5

a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism

Question 6

what are parasites?

Answer 6

organisms that live on or in a host and causes it harm

Question 7

what do viruses act like?

Answer 7

parasites

Question 8

what’s a bacteriophage?

Answer 8

A virus that infects bacteria. The name means “bacteria eater.”

Question 9

All viruses have two basic parts:

Answer 9

a protein coat that protects the virus and an inner core made of genetic material (some viruses are also surrounded by an additional outer membrane)

Question 10

A virus’s genetic material contains…

Answer 10

the instructions for making new viruses

Question 11

Once inside a host’s cell, the virus’s genetic material…

Answer 11

takes over many of the cell’s functions. It instructs the cell to produce the virus’s proteins and genetic material. These proteins and genetic material then assemble into new viruses.

Question 12

Active viruses…

Answer 12

immediately takes over cell functions after entering a cell

Question 13

Hidden viruses…

Answer 13

do not immediately become active. Instead, they hide for a while. This could be for months or years even.

Question 14

what’s the relationship of viruses and diseases?

Answer 14

Viruses can cause disease

Question 15

Viral diseases can be spread by…

Answer 15

contact with a contaminated object, a bite by an infected animal, body fluids, moisture in the air

Question 16

Treating Viral Diseases..

Answer 16

Resting, drinking plenty of fluids, and eating well-balanced meals.

Question 17

Preventing Viral Diseases…

Answer 17

vaccines can help prevent the spread of diseases

Question 18

What’s a vaccine?

Answer 18

a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and organisms.

Question 19

Who discovered bacteria?

Answer 19

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 20

Bacteria are… The … in their cells is not…

Answer 20

Bacteria are prokaryotes. The genetic material in their cells is not contained in a nucleus.

Question 21

What does the bacterial cell lack?

Answer 21

a nucleus and other structures such as the mitochondria and Golgi bodies.

Question 22

What’s a flagellum?

Answer 22

a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

Question 23

What are the three basic shapes of bacterial cells?

Answer 23

spherical, rodlike, or spiral

Question 24

Bacteria must have…

Answer 24

a source of food and a way of breaking down the food to release its energy

Question 25

Cold sores and shingles are an example of this type of virus. Their genetic material becomes part of the host cell's genetic material

Answer 25

hidden virus

Question 26

These are the three major groups/classifications of fungi

Answer 26

Club, Sac, Zygotes

Question 27

This type of fungus-like protist destroyed the Irish potato crops in 1845-1846, causing famine.

Answer 27

water molds

Question 28

These are the pioneer organisms that are the first organisms to appear on the bare rocks in an area after a catastrophic event

Answer 28

Lichen

Question 29

These are bacteria that usually live in the soil and can break down large chemicals in dead organisms into smaller chemicals

Answer 29

decomposers

Question 30

This animal like protist is characterized by the way it lives; it feeds on the cells and body fluids of their host

Answer 30

protozoans that are parasites

Question 31

This virus' name literally means "bacteria eater" and has a robot-like structure

Answer 31

bacteriophage

Question 32

This reproductive process requires one bacterium to transfer genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge

Answer 32

Conjugation

Question 33

This type of fungus like protist is often brilliantly colored and lives on forest floors, or other moist and shady places

Answer 33

slime molds

Question 34

This is the process is which one bacterial cell divides to form two identical cells; the first cell duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two separate cells

Answer 34

binary fission

Question 35

This type of plant like protists are multicellular and have green, yellow, brown, and orange pigments. Many common forms of seaweed are this type of protist.

Answer 35

Brown Algae

Question 36

The inner core and this basic part make up the structure of all viruses

Answer 36

protein coat

Question 37

A flu shot is a common example of this tool, which helps to prevent the spread of viral diseases

Answer 37

Vaccine

Question 38

Alexander Fleming discovered this disease-fighting fungus, which is still used to treat certain illnesses today

Answer 38

penicillium

Question 39

This is the close relationship between two species in which both partners benefit from living together

Answer 39

mutualism

Question 40

This form of asexual reproduction is unique in that no spores are released; the parent cell undergoes mitosis

Answer 40

Budding

Question 41

This is a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell. They can survive under harsh conditions for many years

Answer 41

Endospores

Question 42

Bacteria must have a source of this and a way of breaking it down in order to release its energy

Answer 42

Food

Question 43

This structure in animal like protists collects extra water and expels it from the cell

Answer 43

Contractile Vacuole

Question 44

Influenza and rhinosinusitis are common examples of this type of virus, which immediately goes into action

Answer 44

active virus

Question 45

These are the temporary bulges of cytoplasm is a protozoan that are used to move and feed

Answer 45

pseudopods

Question 46

This is a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism; it is used to reproduce into new fungi

Answer 46

spore

Question 47

This is the common name for these plant like protists that vary greatly in cell organization, structure, and function.

Answer 47

algae

Question 48

Bacterial cells may or may not have these long, whip-like structures to help them move

Answer 48

flagellum

Question 49

This is a living thing that a virus multiples inside of that provides a source of energy

Answer 49

host