Ch. 9

Question 1

A cordlike bundle of neuronal axons and/or dendrites and associated connective coursing together outside the central nervous system

Answer 1

Nerve

Question 2

Small masses of nervous tissue that are located outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Ganglia

Question 3

Extensive network of neurons that help regulate the digestive system

Answer 3

Enteric plexuses

Question 4

Either the dendrites of sensory neurons (such as sensory receptors in the skin) or separate, specialized cells that monitor changes in the internal or external environment (such as photoreceptors in the retina of the eye)

Answer 4

Sensory receptors

Question 5

Neurons that conduct impulses from the brain toward the spinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord into cranial or spinal nerves to effectors that may be either muscles or glands

Answer 5

Motor neurons

Question 6

An organ of the body, either a muscle or a gland, that is innervated by somatic or autonomic motor neurons

Answer 6

Effector

Question 7

A nerve cell, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon

Answer 7

Neurons

Question 8

Cells of the nervous system that perform various supportive functions

The neuroglia of the central nervous system are the astrocytes, oligodendrochtes, microglia, and ependymal cells

Neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system include Schwann cells and satellite cells

Also called glial cells

Answer 8

Neuroglia

Question 9

A neuronal process that carries electrical signals toward the cell body

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

The usually single, long process of a nerve cell that propagates a nerve impulse toward the axon terminals

Answer 10

Axon

Question 11

The functional junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as a muscle or gland

May be electrical or chemical

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

Multilayered lipid and protein covering, formed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, around axons of many peripheral and central nervous system neurons

Answer 12

Myelin sheath

Question 13

Aggregations or bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons located in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 13

White matter

Question 14

Areas in the central nervous system and ganglia containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia

Nissl bodies impart a gray color and there is little or no myelin in gray matter

Answer 14

Gray matter

Question 15

A bundle of nerve axons in the central nervous system

Answer 15

Tracts

Question 16

A sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and reverse the membrane potential and then eventually restore it to the resting state

Answer 16

Impulse

Question 17

Any stress that changes a controlled condition

Any change in the internal or external environment that excites a sensory receptor, a neuron, or a muscle fiber

Answer 17

Stimulus

Question 18

A type of impulse movement that operates by positive feedback

Answer 18

Conduction

Question 19

A total or partial loss of feeling or sensation

May be general or local

Answer 19

Anesthesia

Question 20

A neuropeptide in the central nervous system that acts as a painkiller

Answer 20

Endorphin