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Biochemistry Exam 4 > Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

a solution is a …..

A

homogenous mixture that forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent

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2
Q

the solvent is

A

the substance that is present in the greater amount

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3
Q

solvents and solutes can be

A

solids, liquids, or gasses. The solution IS the same physical state as the solvent

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4
Q

like dissolves like means….

A

a polar solute is soluble in a polar solvent; a non polar solute is soluble in non polar solvent

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5
Q

water molecules form hydrogen bonds because…

A

the partial positive charge of the hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of oxygen in another water molecule

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6
Q

an ionic solute dissolves in water, a polar solvent, because….

A

the polar water molecules attract and pull the positive and negative ions into solution. In solution, water molecules surround the ions in a process called hydration

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7
Q

hydration?

A

water molecules surrounding ions and pulling apart their negative and positive ions

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8
Q

electrolytes conduct an electrical current because

A

they produce ions in aqueous solutions

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9
Q

strong electrolytes are _____ dissociated into ions, whereas weak electrolytes are _____ dissociated into ions

A

completely;

partially

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10
Q

nonelectrolytes do not form ions in solution but

A

dissolve as molecules

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11
Q

ions are measured as equivalents (Eq), which is the amount of the ion that is equal to

A

1 mole of positive or negative electrical charge

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12
Q

a substance that dissociates as molecules, not ions, when it dissolves in water

A

non electrolyte

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13
Q

the substance that comprises the lesser amount in a solution

A

solute

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14
Q

a solute that dissociates 100% into ions in solution

A

strong electrolyte

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15
Q

the substance that comprises the greater amount in a solution

A

solvent

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16
Q

a homogenous mixture of at least two component called a solute and a solvent

A

solution

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17
Q

the amount of positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electrical charge

A

equivalent

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18
Q

the amount of solute that dissolves depends on the…

A

nature of the solute and solvent

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19
Q

describes the max amount of a solute that dissolves in 100. g of solvent at a given temperature

A

solubility

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20
Q

contains the max amount of dissolved solute at a certain temperature, whereas an unsaturated contains less than this amount

A

a saturated solution

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21
Q

increases the solubility of most solids, but decreases the solubility of gases in water

A

an increase in temperature

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22
Q

states that the solubility of gases in liquids is directly related to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid

A

Henry’s law

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23
Q

describe the kinds of ionic combinations that are soluble or insoluble in water

A

the solubility rules

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24
Q

mass percent (m/m) =

A

mass of solute / mass of solution X 100%

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25
a _____ expresses the ratio of the mass of solute to the mass of solution multiplied by 100%. Mass units must be the same such as grams of solute/grams of solution x 100%
mass percent (m/m)
26
the concentration of a solution is the relationship between the amount of solute to solution
true
27
a _______ expresses the ratio of the volume of solute to volume of solution multiplied by 100%
volume percent (v/v)
28
volume percent (v/v) =
volume of solute / volume of solution x 100%
29
A ______ expresses the ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solution multiplied by 100% (g/mL)
mass/volume percent (m/v)
30
mass/volume percent (m/v) =
grams of solute / mL of solution x 100%
31
concentration term that indicates number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L (1000 mL) of solution
Molarity (M)
32
Molarity (M) =
moles of solute / liters of solution
33
the numbers of moles of solute in 1 L of solution
molarity
34
the amount of solute dissolved in certain amounts of solution
concentration
35
a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temp
saturated
36
a solution with less than the max amount of solute that can dissolve
unsaturated
37
the concentration of a solution in terms of mass of solute in 100. g of solution
mass percent (m/m)
38
the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100. g of solvent at a given temperature
solubility
39
mixing a solution with solvent to obtain a solution with a lower concentration
dilution
40
for dilutions, use the expression _____ and solve for the unknown value
C1V1 = C2V2
41
semipermeable membrane
allows smaller particles, not larger like in a colloid solution
42
colloidal particles are
large molecules, such as proteins, or groups of molecules or ions
43
colloids similar to solutions are homogenous mixtures that....
do not separate or settle out
44
are composed of large particles that settle out of a solution
suspensions
45
a solute added to water decreases the ___ decreases the _____ and increases the ____ increases the ___
``` vapor pressure (decreases) freezing point (decreases) boiling point (increases) osmotic pressure (increases) ``` Vaping Free Body Odor
46
the pressure that prevents the flow of water into a more concentrate solution
osmotic pressure
47
____ solutions have osmotic pressures equal to that of body fluids lower higher
isotonic hypotonic hypertonic
48
in ____, water and small solute particles can pass through a dialyzing membrane, while larger particles such as blood cells cannot
dialysis
49
the solute consists of single atoms, ions, or small molecules
solution
50
settles out with gravity
suspension
51
retained by filters
suspension
52
cannot pass through a membrane
colloid; suspension
53
contains large particles that are visible
suspension
54
used to describe the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent
solubility
55
usually expressed in grams of solute in 100. g of solvent, is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temperature
solubility
56
if a solute dissolves when added to a solvent, the solvent obviously does not or did not have the max amount of solute
unsaturated
57
a solution that contains all the solute that can dissolve
saturated
58
the reaction of solute + solvent ---> saturated solution how about the other way?
solute dissolves solute recrystallizes
59
the reaction of solute + solvent
solute recrystallizes solute dissolves
60
explain dissolving vs recrystallizing
well done hero
61
when a saturated solution is carefully cooled, it becomes
a supersaturated solution (contains more solute than solubility allows)
62
what happens if you agitate a supersaturated solution or add a crystal solute?
the excess solute recrystallizes to give a saturated solution again
63
what happens to the solubility of a gas in water as you increase temperature?
the solubility decrease as temperature increases (the gas escapes the water solution)
64
states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of the gas above that liquid
Henry's law
65
when the pressure of a gas above a solution decreases, the solubility of that gas in the solution
also decreases
66
the amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solution
concentration
67
in a solution going from what to what causes a dissociation vs a recombination reaction?
the forward and reverse reactions of molecules to ions and back again i.e. the dissociation of a compound in water and the charges must balance. Used for electrolytes (9.2)
68
a filter can be used to separate a suspension, but a semipermeable membrane must be used to separate a
colloid
69
mass percent =?
mass of solute / (mass of solute + mass of solvent) x 100 OR written mass of solute / (mass of solution) x 100
70
volume percent = ?
volume of solute / (volume of solute + volume of solvent) x 100 OR written volume of solute / (volume of solution) x 100
71
mass / volume percent (m/v) = ?
grams of solute (mL of SOLUTION) x 100
72
Molarity (M) = ?
moles of solute / Liters of solution
73
an equivalent (Eq) is the amount of an electrolyte or an ion that provides....
1 moles of electrical charge ``` Na1+= 1 Eq Ca2+ = 2 Eq ```
74
Equivalents of electrolytes the charge of the positive ions is
always balanced by the charge of the negative ions
75
the concentrations of electrolytes in IV fluids are expressed in...
mEq/L
76
concentration of electrolytes = ?
mEq/L
77
remember in blood plasma typical concentrations of electrolytes have a...
charge balance total number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges

Biochemistry Exam 4 (19 decks)

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