Ch. 9 - Motivation & Emotion

Question 1

achievement motivation

Answer 1

need 2 master harder challenges, outperform others, meet high standards of excellence

Question 2

affective forecasting

Answer 2

efforts 2 predict one’s emotional reactions to certain events

Question 3

anorexia

Answer 3

ED (usually adolescent girl) diets & becomes 15% underweight & still feels fat & continues to starve

Question 4

approach-approach conflict

Answer 4

conflict situation in which a choice must be made b/w 2 attractive goals

Question 5

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 5

conflict situation in which a choice must be made abt whether 2 pursue 1 goal that has good & bad qualities

Question 6

arousal theory

Answer 6

physical environment can affect arousal levels by stimulation/stress created when needs aren’t met

Question 7

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 7

conflict situation in which choice must be made b/w 2 unattractive goals

Question 8

bulimia

Answer 8

ED characterized by eps. of of overeating, usually high cal foods, followed by thorough cleansing

Question 9

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Answer 9

Emotion-arousing simultaneously triggers physiological responses & subjective experience of emotion

Question 9

catharsis

Answer 9

emotional release!! catharsis is a hypothesis, releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Question 10

coronary heart disease

Answer 10

clogging of vessels that nourish the heart (#1 cause of death in USA)

Question 11

display rules

Answer 11

cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotion

Question 12

drive

Answer 12

internal state of tension that motivates an organism 2 engage in activities that should reduce the tension

Question 13

drive reduction theory

Answer 13

physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism 2 satisfy the need

Question 14

emotion

Answer 14

response of whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, & conscious experience

Question 15

estrogens

Answer 15

sex hormones estradiol, secretes in greater amounts in females & contributing 2 female sex characteristics. In animals, levels peak during ovulation, increasing sexual receptivity

Question 16

extrinsic motivators

Answer 16

external incentives 2 engage in specific activity, especially motivators arising from expectations of punishment/reward

Question 17

facial feedback effect

Answer 17

effect of facial expressions of experienced emotions, as when facial expression of anger/joy intensifies those feelings

Question 18

feel good do good phenomenon

Answer 18

ppl’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 19

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 19

Selye’s model of body’s stress response, consisting of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 20

glucose

Answer 20

form of sugar that circulates in blood & provides major sources of energy 4 body tissues, low glucose=hunger

Question 21

health psychology

Answer 21

subfield focuses on relationship b/w socio-environmental factors influencing health, health treatment, & psychological effects on health

Question 22

homeostasis

Answer 22

tendency 2 maintain balanced/constant internal state - regulation of any aspect of chem like blood-sugar, around a certain level

Question 23

incentives

Answer 23

pos/neg environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 24

instincts

Answer 24

complex behavior that's rigidly patterned throughout a species & is unlearned

Question 25

intrinsic motivators

Answer 25

incentives 2 engage in activity that drives pleasure from activity itself, not external benefits

Question 26

James-Lang theory of emotion

Answer 26

our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses 2 emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 27

lymphocyte

Answer 27

2 types of white blood cells that r part of body's immune system (B & T cells)

Question 28

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer 28

pyramid of human needs, beginning @ base w/physiological needs that must be met 1st b4 moving higher-level safety needs & physiological needs become active

Question 29

motivation

Answer 29

a need/desire that energizes/directs behavior

Question 30

need

Answer 30

condition of tension in organism resulting from deprivation of something required for well-being, personal fulfillment, survival

Question 31

obesity

Answer 31

condition of being overweight

Question 32

Opponent-process theory of motivation

Answer 32

stimulus/event simultaneously arouses primary affective state which may be good & opposing state which reduces primary state's intensity

Question 33

parental investment

Answer 33

what each sex invests- in terms of time,energy, survival risk, & forgone opportunities - 2 produce/nurture offspring

Question 34

polygraph

Answer 34

device that records autonomic fluctuations while subject is questioned in effort to 2 determine if subject is lying

Question 35

primary drives

Answer 35

innate drive, universal/species-specific that's made by deprivation of something/need 2 engage in some activity

Question 36

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 36

study of how psychological, neural, endocrine processes together affect immune sys. & resulting health

Question 37

psycho-physiological illness

Answer 37

"mind-body" illness, any stress-related physical illness like hypertension/headaches

Question 38

refractory period

Answer 38

resting period after orgasm, during which man can't achieve another orgasm

Question 39

secondary drives

Answer 39

learned drive, developed thru association w/generalization or from primary drive

Question 40

self-actualization

Answer 40

need to fulfill one's potential

Question 41

set point

Answer 41

point @ which individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set

Question 42

sexual dysfunction

Answer 42

disorder -> issues in phases of sexual response, can be primary or show up later

Question 43

sexual orientation

Answer 43

enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex/other sex

Question 44

sexual response cycle

Answer 44

4 stages of sexual responding described by Masters/Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 45

stress

Answer 45

process by which we perceive certain events (stressors) that we deem threatening/challenging

Question 46

subjective well-being

Answer 46

Individual's perception of their overall happiness/life satisfaction

Question 47

testosterone

Answer 47

most important male sex hormone. M&F have it but you men have more testosterone stimulates growth of male sex organs/characteristics

Question 48

two-factor theory

Answer 48

Schachter-Singer theory that 2 experience emotion 1 must be physically aroused & cognitively label the arousal

Question 49

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 49

relation b/w motivation & performance can be shown by inverted U curve