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Medical Terms > Ch 9--Nervous system > Flashcards

Ch 9--Nervous system Flashcards

(122 cards)

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1
Q

CNS consists of

A

Spinal cord

Brain

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2
Q

PNS consists of

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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3
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Detect external and internal environmental influences and carry sensory impulses about those influences to the brain

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4
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry messages called motor impulses from the brain to various parts of the body that result in movement

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5
Q

Neurons

A

The cells that make up nerves

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6
Q

3 functions of nervous system

A

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

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7
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells found between the neurons. Protect neurons by engulfing unwanted substances. (Phagocytosis) also provide nutrients by attaching blood vessels to neurons

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

CNS central nervous system

PNS peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

Every neuron has

A

Cell body-maintains the neuron
Axon-transmits electrical impulses
Dendrites-receive information and transmitting it to the cell body

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

White fatty covering of some axons. Increases speed of the electrical impulses.

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11
Q

Gli/o

A

Glue

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12
Q

Myelin/o

A

Myelin sheath

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13
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

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14
Q

-schisis

A

Cleft; splitting

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15
Q

-us

A

Condition; thing

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16
Q

Para-

A

Abnormal

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17
Q

Polio-

A

Gray

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18
Q

Tetra-

A

Four

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19
Q

Cerebellar

A

Pertaining to the cerebellum

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20
Q

Cerebellitis

A

Inflammation of the cerebellum

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21
Q

Cerebro-

A

Brain

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22
Q

Cerebral

A

Pertaining to the brain

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23
Q

Cerebrospinal

A

Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Cerebrovascular

A

Pertaining to the brain and blood vessels

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25
Cortic/o
Cortex; outer covering
26
Cortical
Pertaining to the cortex
27
Corticospinal
Pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spine
28
Dur/o
Dura mater (one of the membranes surrounding the brain)
29
Epidural
Upon the dura mater
30
Subdural
Under the dura mater
31
Electroencephalogram
Record of the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves)
32
Electroencephalograph
Instrument used to record the electrical activity of the brain.
33
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
34
Encephalomalacia
Softening of the brain
35
Encephalopathy
Any disease of the brain
36
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in the brain
37
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI
A picture of the brain produced by using magnetic waves
38
Mening/o
Meninges; membrane
39
Miningoencaphalitis
Inflammation of the meninges and brain
40
Myelogram
Record of the spinal cord
41
Myeloschisis
Splitting of the spinal cord | Schisis-splitting
42
Poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
43
Myonueral
Pertaining to the muscle and nerve; also known as neuromuscular
44
Neuralgia
Nerve pain
45
Neurology
Study of the nervous system including diseases and treatment
46
Neurologist
Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders
47
Neurolysis
Nerve destruction
48
Polyneuritis
Inflammation of many nerves
49
Radicul/o
Nerve roots
50
Myeloradiculitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots
51
Spinal tap
Insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space below the third lumbar vertebra to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes; also known as lumbar puncture
52
Thalam/o
Thalamus
53
Thalamocortical
Pertaining to the thalamus and cerebral cortex
54
Ventriculostomy
New opening in the ventricles; used to treat hydrocephalus
55
Meningocele
Hernia of the meninges; displacement of the meninges from its normal position
56
Myelomeningocele
Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges; displacement of the spinal cord and meninges from their normal position
57
-Esthesia
Sensation
58
Anesthesia
Loss of sensation
59
Hypoesthesia
Decreased sensation
60
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensation
61
Dysesthesia
Irritating sensation in response to normal stimuli
62
Paraesthesia
Abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling
63
Cerebral angiography
The cerebral arteries are visualized after injection of a contrast medium
64
Electroencaphalography
Process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain
65
Myelography
Image of the spinal cord is produced by using X-rays after injection of a contrast medium
66
-Kinesis
Movement motion
67
Hyperkinesis
Excessive motion hyperactivity
68
Dyskinesia
Impaired movement
69
Bradykinesia
Slow movement
70
Hematoma
Accumulation of blood in a space, organ, or tissue due to a break in the blood vessel; ex epidural and Subdural hematomas
71
Glioma
Tumor of neurological cells
72
Meningioma
Benign tumor of meninges
73
-Phasia
Speech
74
Aphasia
No speech
75
Dysphasia
Difficult speech
76
Diplegia
Paralysis of like extremities on both sides of the body
77
Hemiplagia
Paralysis of either the right or left half of the body
78
Monoplegia
Paralysis of one extremity
79
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs
80
Tetraplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs; quadriplegia
81
-taxia
Order; coordination
82
Ataxia
No muscular coordination (often due to cerebellular dysfunction
83
De-
Lack of; removal
84
Demyelination
Lack of a myelin sheath; occurs in MS
85
Pachy-
Thick
86
Pachymenegitis
Inflammation of the pachymeninges. Pachymeninges is another name for dura mater
87
ALS
Amytrophic lateral sclerosis (death of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord results in masculine degeneration. Lou Gehrig's disease
88
BBB
Blood/brain barrier
89
CNS
Central nervous system
90
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
91
CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
92
CT
Computed tomography
93
EEG
Electroencephalography
94
HNP
Herniated nucleus pulposus
95
LP
Lumbar puncture
96
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
97
MS
Multiple sclerosis
98
PD
Parkinson's disease
99
PET
Positron emission tomography
100
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
101
Synapses
Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron or from neuron to muscle
102
Neurotransmitter
Chemical that is released when an electrical impulse travels down the neuron and reaches the synapse
103
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain. Site of higher intellectual functioning. Divided into right and left hemispheres.
104
Longitudinal fissure
Deep gap that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
105
Corpus callosum
Bundles of nerve fibers that connect the right and left hemispheres allowing them to share information
106
Cerebral cortex
Gray matter that covers cerebrum. Involved in sensory motor functions as well as thought, perception and judgement
107
Gyri | Or convolutions
Surface of cerebrum. Little gray bulges that look like sausages
108
Sulci
Each gyrus is seperated by these shallow grooves
109
Deeper grooves
Fissures. Fissures divide the cerebrum into lobes named after the bones that cover them. Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe
110
Thalamus
Relay station for incoming sensory stimuli. Pain temperature touch
111
Hypothalamus
Below thalamus. Helps regulate thirst, appetite and temperature
112
Brain stem includes
``` Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Ancient brain or animal brain Arousal respiration heart rate blood pressure visual and auditory reflexes. ```
113
Cerebellum
Lies under occipital lobe of the cerebrum and protrudes dorsally. Important for balance muscle coordination and equilibrium.
114
Spinal cord
Starts at medulla oblongata, extends through the vertebra, and ends at conus medullaris, from which the nerves extend (cauda equina) 31 pairs extend from the spinal cord (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)
115
Meninges
3 membranes protect the brain and spinal cord. Dura mater-outer Arachnoid membrane-middle Pia mater-inner
116
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSF, colorless liquid that continually circulates within the subarachnoid space
117
Blood-brain barrier
BBB protective mechanism that prevents toxic substances from entering the brain.
118
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 Pairs of spinal nerves
In the PNS
119
31 pairs of spinal nerves
``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1coccygeal ```
120
Two types of brain tumors
Glioma-malignant. Don't metastasize bc the cells can't pass through the cranium Meningiomas-benign rumors located outside brain tissue but still within the cranium.
121
MS
Myelin sheath covering the axons in brain and spinal cord are destroyed
122
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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