Ch. 9 Skeletal System: Articulations

Question 1

What are motion joint classifications (3) based on?

Answer 1

the range of motion allowed between articulating bones (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)

Question 2

How much movement in synarthrosis joint?

Answer 2

NO movement allowed

Question 3

How much movement in amphitarthrosis joint?

Answer 3

SOME movement allowed

Question 4

How much movement in a diarthrosis joint?

Answer 4

ALL movement allowed

Question 5

What are all the joint motion classifications (3) based on?

Answer 5

their structural features (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)

Question 6

What tissue makes fibrous joints? Space? Movement classes possible?

Answer 6

dense regular collagenous tissue (DRCT) WITHOUT a joint space that joins bones and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses

Question 7

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 7

bones joined by cartilage WITHOUT a joint space and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses

Question 8

what joints are ligaments (DRCT) that join bones & have a layer of hyaline cartilage on their articulating surfaces and are all diarthroses?

Answer 8

synovial joints

Question 9

What exists in the joint space of a synovial joint?

Answer 9

a fluid-filled cavity between the bones

Question 10

What are the classes of fibrous (3) joints?

Answer 10

suture, gomphoses, syndesmoses

Question 11

the joints between bones in the cranium once fused, very stable; immoveable; DRCT

Answer 11

suture

Question 12

immoveable joint between each tooth & bony socket (ex. periodontal ligament)

Answer 12

gomphoses

Question 13

periodontal ligament

Answer 13

fibrous membrane linking tooth to alveolar jaw bone (is fibrous gomphoses)

Question 14

Fibrous syndesmoses

Answer 14

slightly moveable joint between radius/ulna, tibia/fibula (ligament is DRCT)

Question 15

What are the classes of cartilaginous (2) joints? (one is bound by hyaline; other is bound by fibrocartilage)

Answer 15

synchondroses (hyaline-bound) and symphyses (fibrocartilage-bound)

Question 16

synchondroses

Answer 16

linked by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate, costochondral joint, first sternocostal joint) all are synarthroses

Question 17

location of costochondral joint

Answer 17

between ribs & costal cartilages

Question 18

what joints are linked by a fibrocartilaginous pad or plug (ex. invertebral joint, pubic symphysis) all are amphiarthroses

Answer 18

symphysis joints

Question 19

What are the movement types of synovial joints (6)?

Answer 19

plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-to-socket (stability —> range of motion)

Question 20

What’s an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 20

knee joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint

Question 21

What are the key parts of a synovial joint? (3)

Answer 21

articular capsule, a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, and articular cartilage

Question 22

articular capsule (part of + layer function)

Answer 22

part of synovial joint;
double-layered:
outer(stabilize)
inner(secrete synovial fluid)

Question 23

What does the outer layer of an articular capsule consist of?

Answer 23

• fibrous layer
• stabilizes bones

Question 24

What does the inner layer of an articular capsule consist of? Function?

Answer 24

synovial membrane, its cells secrete synovial fluid

Question 25

What is the function of a synovial cavity? (filled with synovial fluid)

Answer 25

part of synovial joint; lubricates, absorbs shock, and transports nutrients/removes waste

Question 26

another name for hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth, low-friction surface for articulating bones

Answer 26

articular cartilage

Question 27

What are the stabilizing features of synovial joints? (3)

Answer 27

ligaments (bone-to-bone) tendons (muscle-to-bone), bursae (synovial capsules in high stress areas) + tendon sheaths (long bursa that protects sliding tendons)

Question 28

ligaments

Answer 28

connects bone-to-bone, DRCT

Question 29

tendons

Answer 29

muscle-to-bone, DRCT, part of skeletal muscle, stabilizes joint when muscle contracts

Question 30

bursae

Answer 30

synovial capsules in high stress areas

Question 31

tendon sheaths

Answer 31

long bursa that protects sliding tendons

Question 32

bursitis

Answer 32

inflammation of a bursa (hip,elbow,knee)

Question 33

arthitis

Answer 33

inflammation of a joint that causes paint and limits movement

Question 34

osteo-

Answer 34

due to wear and tear, age, prior injury

Question 35

Rheumatoid

Answer 35

autoimmune attack

Question 36

gouty

Answer 36

uric acid buildup

Question 37

Example of a synovial plane joint

Answer 37

carpals (intercarpal joints)

Question 38

Geometry of a synovial plane joint

Answer 38

between two flat surfaces

Question 39

Movement of a synovial plane joint

Answer 39

NONaxial

Question 40

Example of a synovial hinge joint

Answer 40

elbow joint / hip / shoulder / knee

Question 41

Geometry of a synovial hinge joint

Answer 41

between convex/concave surface

Question 42

Movement of a synovial hinge joint

Answer 42

UNIaxial movement

Question 43

Example of a synovial pivot joint

Answer 43

dens of axis (atlantoaxial joint)

Question 44

Geometry of a synovial pivot joint

Answer 44

round surface fits into a groove;

Question 45

Movement of a synovial pivot joint

Answer 45

UNIaxial movement, pivot/rotation

Question 46

Example of a synovial condylar joint

Answer 46

phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joint)

Question 47

Movement of a synovial condylar joint

Answer 47

BIaxial movement

Question 48

Example of a synovial saddle joint

Answer 48

I metacarpal/trapezium (carpometacarpal thumb joint)

Question 49

Movement of a synovial saddle joint

Answer 49

BIaxial movement

Question 50

Example of a synovial ball-to-socket joint

Answer 50

shoulder joint

Question 51

Movement of a synovial ball-to-socket joint

Answer 51

MULTIaxial movement

Question 52

What are the major synovial joints? (4)

Answer 52

Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee

Question 53

synovial elbow joint (type?)

Answer 53

a hinge joint composed

Question 54

What are the two parts of the elbow joints?

Answer 54

humeroradial and humeroulnar

Question 55

What are the three ligaments in the elbow?

Answer 55

Radial collateral, anular, ulnar collateral

Question 56

What joint is a ball-to-socket; multiaxial, most freely moving joint in the human body thus least stable

Answer 56

synovial shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

Question 57

What are the tendons of the rotator cuff? (4)

Answer 57

supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis

Question 58

What type and what axial movement does the synovial hip (coxal) joint have? Is it more or less stable than shoulder joint? Why?

Answer 58

ball-to-socket multiaxial, freely moving but more stable than shoulder due to weight bearing property

Question 59

What are the ligaments of the coxal (hip) joint?

Answer 59

Ligament head of femur, iliofemoral, pubofermoral

Question 60

a modified hinge joint, primarily uniaxial with some rotation

Answer 60

synovial knee joint

Question 61

What are the ligaments of the knee joint? (5)

Answer 61

Posterior cruciate (PCL), anterior cruciate, (ACL) medial/tibial collateral (M/T-CL), patellar (PL), fibular collateral (FCL)

Question 62

what is the patellofemoral joint part of

Answer 62

part of knee joint

Question 63

synovial movement axes (4)

Answer 63

nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multi/triaxial

Question 64

nonaxial movement; example?

Answer 64

movement around 0 axes; intercarpal joint

Question 65

uniaxial movement; example?

Answer 65

movement around 1 axes; elbow

Question 66

biaxial movement; example?

Answer 66

movement around 2 axes; finger-to-palm joint

Question 67

multi/triaxial movement; example?

Answer 67

movement around >2 axes; shoulder joint

Question 68

What are the types of movement at synovial joints? (4)

Answer 68

gliding, angular, rotation, special

Question 69

Where is gliding synovial movement found?

Answer 69

carpal joints