Ch 9 - Social Interaction

Question 1

What is a status?

Answer 1

a position in society used to classify individuals

Question 2

What is the difference between an ascribed, achieved, and master status?

Answer 2

• ascribed: involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, family background, etc.
• achieved: voluntarily earned
• master: primarily identified

Question 3

What is a role?

Answer 3

a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation

Question 4

What is role performance?

Answer 4

carrying out the behaviors of a given role

Question 5

What is a role partner?

Answer 5

another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship

Question 6

What is a role set?

Answer 6

contains all the different roles associated with a status

Question 7

What is the difference between a role conflict and role strains?

Answer 7

• conflict: occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
• strain: occurs when one has difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

Question 8

What are groups made of?

Answer 8

2+ individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unit

Question 9

What is a peer group?

Answer 9

self selected group formed around similar interests, ages, and statuses

Question 10

What is a family group?

Answer 10

group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married

Question 11

What is the difference between in-group and out-group?

Answer 11

• in: one with which an individual identified

- out: one that an individual competes with or opposes

Question 12

What is a reference group?

Answer 12

group to which an individual compares him/herself to

Question 13

What is the difference between a primary and secondary group?

Answer 13

• primary: those that contain strong, emotional bonds

- secondary: temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

Question 14

What is the difference between Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society)?

Answer 14

• community: group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
• society: group unified by mutual self interest in achieving a goal

Question 15

When does groupthinking occur?

Answer 15

when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspective

Question 16

What is a network?

Answer 16

an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

Question 17

What are organizations?

Answer 17

• bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals
• exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization

Question 18

What is the difference between the basic model and social construction model for expression emotion in social situations?

Answer 18

• basic: stats there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
• social: states that emotions are solely based on situational context of social interactions

Question 19

What are display rules?

Answer 19

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotions

Question 20

What is a cultural syndrome?

Answer 20

a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as if found among people sharing the same language and geography

Question 21

What is impression management?

Answer 21

the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies

Question 22

Self disclosure?

Answer 22

sharing factual information

Question 23

Managing appearances?

Answer 23

using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image

Question 24

Ingratiation?

Answer 24

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

Question 25

Aligning actions?

Answer 25

use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

Question 26

Alter casting?

Answer 26

imposing an identity onto another person

Question 27

What is the dramaturgical approach?

Answer 27

individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience

Question 28

What is the difference between front and back stage?

Answer 28

- front: where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image - back: individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image

Question 29

What is the difference between verbal, nonverbal, and animal communication?

Answer 29

- verbal: conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words - nonverbal: conveyance of information by means other than use of words (body language, prosody, facial expressions, gestures) - animal: between humans and human-animal, use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate

Question 30

What is a bureaucracy?

Answer 30

a rational system of political organizations,administration, discipline, and control

Question 31

What is the iron law of oligarchy?

Answer 31

states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Question 32

What is the system of multiple levels of observation groups (SYMLOG)?

Answer 32

based on the belief that there are 3 fundamental dimension of interactions: - dominance v submission - friendliness v unfriendliness - instrumentally controlled v emotional expressive

Question 33

What is the difference between the authentic self, ideal self, and tactical self?

Answer 33

- authentic: who the person actually is, both positive and negative attributes - ideal: who we would like to be under optimal circumstances - tactical: who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to other's expectations of us