Ch. 9 Socioemotional Development in Childhood

Question 1

Erikson’s stage theory

Answer 1

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 2

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 2

yrs 3-5
guilt develops if children are kept from making their own choices
competence development in everyday tasks

Question 3

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 3

ages 5-11 or 12
expanding knowledge of the world and basic skill development
industry = setting and obtaining personal goals
expanding world view

Question 4

Self Esteem

Answer 4

confidence develops by attaining personal goals
expanding knowledge of self
general feeling of feeling good or bad about one’s self

Question 5

Scholastic self esteem

Answer 5

Feelings of competence a child has in relation to academics

Question 6

Behavioral conduct

Answer 6

feelings of competence in adopting and maintaining roles and behavioral expectations

Question 7

Athletic self esteem

Answer 7

learning and playing game and the development of the athletic skill

Question 8

Emotional regulation

Answer 8

ability to manage ones emotional state

Question 9

Negative valence

Answer 9

anger, frustration, anxiety, grief, depression

Question 10

Positive valence

Answer 10

excitement, exhilaration, happiness

Question 11

Externalized emotions

Answer 11

overtly acting out, disruptive

may have high self esteem

Question 12

Internalized emotions

Answer 12

children tuck away emotions

low self esteem, self critical

Question 13

Pro social behavior

Answer 13

empathy and sympathy

caring about others and acting on that care by helping when necessary

Question 14

Empathy

Answer 14

being able to put yourself in someone else shoes, understand another’s feelings

Question 15

Sympathy

Answer 15

cannot fully relate but still feel bad for someone

Question 16

Altruism

Answer 16

complete selfless behavior, helping without and motivation

Question 17

Aggression

Answer 17

antisocial behavior, driven by emotions

Question 18

Instrumental aggression

Answer 18

harmful actions in pursuit of a goal

Question 19

Reactional aggression

Answer 19

aggression in retaliation to a previous aggressive act

Question 20

Relational aggression

Answer 20

acts that hurt a persons social relationships

doesn’t involve physical aggression

Question 21

Bullying

Answer 21

repeated aggressive act involving a disparity of power

peaks in late childhood

Question 22

Popularity

Answer 22

peer likeability and salience

peers must be aware of and like the student

Question 23

Popular children

Answer 23

consistently liked

Question 24

Controversial children

Answer 24

liked and disliked

Question 25

Rejected children

Answer 25

disliked | victims of bullying

Question 26

Neglected children

Answer 26

not mentioned | victims of bullying

Question 27

Average children

Answer 27

liked by some | possibly disliked

Question 28

Play

Answer 28

facilitated development | enables gross and fine motor development

Question 29

Symbolic play

Answer 29

pretending and imagination

Question 30

Guided participation (play)

Answer 30

process and system of involving individuals | explicit or implicit

Question 31

Socialization

Answer 31

sociocultural process in which children are made aware of useful ways to think and act in society

Question 32

Peer

Answer 32

people around the same age and maturity

Question 33

Parenting styles

Answer 33

rated by demandingness (rules, boundaries) and responsiveness (emotional warmth and involvement)

Question 34

Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 34

high demandingness low responsiveness

Question 35

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 35

ideal | high demandingness high responsiveness

Question 36

Permissive parenting style

Answer 36

low demanding ness high responsiveness

Question 37

Uninvolved parenting style

Answer 37

low demandingness low responsiveness

Question 38

Corporeal punishment

Answer 38

``` physical punishment (ie spanking) highly debated ```

Question 39

Child maltreatment

Answer 39

when a child’s physical or emotional integrity is being threatened

Question 40

Exploration of identity

Answer 40

thinking and personal reflection | begins just before adolescence

Question 41

Commitment

Answer 41

personal confidence and assurance in identity

Question 42

Identity diffusion

Answer 42

no personal reflection or commitment to this aspect of identity

Question 43

Identity foreclosure

Answer 43

commitment to an identity without really thinking about what it means to you

Question 44

Identity moratorium

Answer 44

exploration without commitment

Question 45

Identity achievement

Answer 45

both exploration and commitment | clearly defined sense of self