Ch 9 Vocab

Question 1

Mean Length of Utterance

Answer 1

Average number of morphemes per utterance

Question 2

bound morpheme

Answer 2

Meaning unit that cannot occur alone but must be joined to a free morpheme; generally includes grammatical tags or markers that are derivational, such as -ly, -er, or -ment, or inflectional, such as -ed or -s.

Question 3

sibilant

Answer 3

Sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow constriction formed by the tongue and palate. The turbulence produced results in a hissing sound. Examples include /s/, /z/, /f/, and /z/.

Question 4

tense

Answer 4

A marking of the verb, such as past or future, that relates the speech time in the present to the even time or time when the event occurs.

Question 5

aspect

Answer 5

The dynamics of an event, noted by the verb, relative to the event’s completion, repetition, or continuing duration.

Question 6

modal auxiliaries

Answer 6

Auxiliary or helping verb used to express mood or attitude, such as ability (can), permission (may), intention (will), possibility (might), and obligation (must).

Question 7

copula

Answer 7

Form of the verb “to be” as a main verb. Signifies a relationship between the subject and a predicate adjective (fat, tired, young) or another noun (teacher, farmer, pianist).

Question 8

progressive assimilation

Answer 8

Occurs when the affected element follows the element that influences it (Ex. doddie) (Assimilation processes simplify production by producing different sounds, generally within the same word, in the same way.)

Question 9

regressive assimilation

Answer 9

Occurs when the affected element precedes the element that influences it. (Ex. goggie) (Assimilation processes simplify production by producing different sounds, generally within the same word, in the same way.)

Question 10

epenthesis

Answer 10

Process of inserting a vowel sound where none is required.

Question 11

substitution

Answer 11

Many preschoolers substitute sounds in their speech. These substitutions are not random and usually are in only one direction. (Ex. “that” –> “dat”, “Sam” –> “Sab”

Question 12

fronting

Answer 12

A tendency to replace palatals and velars with alveolar sounds. Ex. /t/ and /d/ are substituted for /k/ and /g/ –> “tan for “can” and “dun” for “gun”

Question 13

interrogative

Answer 13

Questions

Question 14

phrase

Answer 14

Group of words that does not contain a subject or predicate and is used as a noun substitute or as a noun or verb modifier.