CH 9 Work, Occupations and the Economy (TERMS)

Question 1

Labour Theory of Value (Marx) (2,2)

Answer 1

Describes labour as the sole source of value

• The value of a product comes from the amount of labour that went into making it

Under capitalism, owners grow rich off the efforts of workers through the extraction of surplus value

• Surplus value is extracted from labour when workers produce more value than they are paid

Question 2

Alienation (Marx)

Answer 2

The process of feeling disconnected from something that was previously well-known and familiar

Question 3

Rationalization (Weber)

Answer 3

The process of replacing decisions, ideas, or actions based on traditions or emotions with practicality, calculation, and reason

Question 4

Mechanical Solidarity (1,1)

Answer 4

• Durkheim

A form of social cohesion based on shared values and a relatively undifferentiated division of labour

Question 5

Organic Solidarity (1,1)

Answer 5

• Durkheim

The social cohesion in complex, modern societies where individuals are interdependent due to the division of labor

Question 6

Deskilling

Answer 6

• Braverman

When work that used to require skill, knowledge, and judgment is broken down into simple, repetitive tasks that almost anyone can do (generally by machinery)

Question 7

“Making out” (1,1)

Answer 7

• Burawoy

Describes how factory workers engage in friendly competition to exceed production quotas under a piece-rate system, earning bonuses and turning work into a game

• Traps workers in a system of exploitation by making them feel motivated and even proud of their productivity, which diverts attention from inequality and reduces resistance to management control

Question 8

Post-industrial society

Answer 8

A society where the economy shifts from manufacturing to knowledge-based work, with technicians and professionals becoming the main social group

Question 9

Vertical mosaic

Answer 9

Describes the uneven distribution of social class along lines of ethnicity in 1960’s Canada

Question 10

Split Labour Market

Answer 10

Gender and racial/ethnic segregation within the workforce

Question 11

Emotional labour

Answer 11

The communication of emotions in the workplace that involves the regulation and management of feelings and an emotional performance on the part of workers

Question 12

Neoliberalist work (1,6)

Answer 12

Free market capitalism characterized by:

• Deregulation
• Privatization
• Trade liberalization
• Shrinking of the state
• Cutbacks to social spending
• Individualism