CH03 Birth and the Newborn Infant

Question 1

neonates

Answer 1

newborns

Question 2

Oxytocin

Answer 2

a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts(tube) of the breasts.

Question 3

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Answer 3

Intermittent weak contractions of the uterus occurring during pregnancy. (false labor)

Question 4

Stages of labor

Answer 4

• Stage 1: contractions occur about every 8-10 mins, increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity until the mother’s cervix expands.
• Stage 2: lasts abt 90 mins, the baby begins to move through the cervix and birth canal and ultimately leaves the mother’s body.
• Stage 3: lasts only a few mins, the umbilical | ˌəmˈbilək(ə)l | cord and placenta | pləˈsen(t)ə | are expelled from the mother.

Question 5

Episiotomy | iˌpēzēˈädəmē |

Answer 5

An incision (surgical cut) sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass.

Question 6

APGAR scale

Answer 6

A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns.

** Low scores indicate:
•Existing fetal problems or birth defects
•Difficulties related to the process of birth
•Temporary deprivation of oxygen (anoxia)–Wrapped umbilical cord–Pinched umbilical cord

Question 7

vernix

Answer 7

the thick, greasy substance (like cottage cheese) that covers the newborn

Question 8

bonding

Answer 8

close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth, argued by some to affect later real strength.

Question 9

Lamaze

Answer 9

the method of childbirth makes use of breathing techniques and relaxation training (give pain relief without drugs)

Question 10

midwife

Answer 10

the person trained to assist women in childbirth

Question 11

Doula (doo-lah)

Answer 11

the person trained to provide emotional, psychological, and educational support during birth (does not replace midwife or obstetrician)

Question 12

Walking epidural

Answer 12

A walking epidural uses the same medications as a classic epidural only in far smaller amounts. (use smaller needles and a system for administering continuous doses of anesthetic) -> permits women to move about more freely during labor and has fewer side effects than traditional epidural anesthesia.

Question 13

preterm infants

Answer 13

Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (premature infants)

Question 14

small-for-gestational-age infants

Answer 14

Infants who because of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90% or less of the avg weight of infants of the same gestational age (between conception & birth)

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Question 15

Age of viability

Answer 15

the point at which an infant can survive prematurely, to about 22 weeks- some 4 mths earlier than the term of a normal delivery.

Question 16

postmature infants

Answer 16

infants still unborn 2 weeks after the mother’s due date

Question 17

breech position

Answer 17

the baby is positioned feet first in the birth canal

Question 18

Catecholamine

Answer 18

any of various amines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) that function as hormones or neurotransmitters or both

Question 19

Infant mortality

Answer 19

death within the first year of life

Question 20

Postpartum depression

Answer 20

A period of deep depression following the birth of a child, affects some 10% of all new mothers.

Question 21

reflexes

Answer 21

unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli. (ex: sucking reflex, swallowing reflex,..)

Question 22

classical conditioning

Answer 22

A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response.

Question 23

operant conditioning

Answer 23

A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences.