CH1

Question 1

kinematics

Answer 1

branch of mechanics that describe the motion of a body without consideration of forces or torques that may produce motion

Question 2

variable with kinematics

Answer 2

position
velocity
acceleration

Question 3

translation

Answer 3

linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every part of the body

Question 4

rotation

Answer 4

motion in which an assumed rigid body moves in a circular path around some pivot point

Question 5

center of mass

Answer 5

2nd sacral vertebrae

Question 6

sagittal plane movements

Answer 6

flex ext
dorsiflex plantar flex
forward and backward bending

Question 7

frontal plane movements

Answer 7

abd add
lateral flex
ulnar and radial deviation
eversion and inversion

Question 8

horizontal plane of movement

Answer 8

ER
IR
Axial rotation

Question 9

axis of rotation location

Answer 9

convex member of the joint

Question 10

accessory movements

Answer 10

passive translation of a joint due to the natural laxity within a joint

Question 11

proximal segment rotates relative to a

Answer 11

fixed distal segment

Question 12

distal segment rotates relative to a

Answer 12

fixed proximal segment

Question 13

kinematic chain

Answer 13

refers to a series of articulated segmented links

pelvis->thigh->leg->foot

Question 14

open chain

Answer 14

distal segment of the kinematic chain is not fixed and is able to move

Question 15

closed kinematic chain

Answer 15

distal segment of a kinematic chain is fixed and not able to move

Question 16

arthrokinematics

Answer 16

motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints

Question 17

closed pack position

Answer 17

joint position of max congruency near end range of motion

Question 18

loose packed position

Answer 18

all positions other than closed pack position

Question 19

when is a joint least congruent?

Answer 19

mid range

Question 20

noncapsular patterns may indicate

Answer 20

joint derangement

restriction o

Question 21

kinetics

Answer 21

branch of study of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body

Question 22

6 types of loads

Answer 22

unloaded
tension
compression
bending
shear 
torsion
combined loading

Question 23

stress-strain curve

Answer 23

provides a means for better understanding load accepting capabilities of a tissue

Question 24

plastic region

Answer 24

where you have damage where the tissue has microtears and is longer than before

Question 25

toe

Answer 25

region on stress strain curve with very little strain

Question 26

rotating

Answer 26

when a force is applied at some perpendicular to the axis of rotation

Question 27

muscle action

Answer 27

potential for a muscle to cause a torque in a particular rotation direction and plane

Question 28

1st muscle action

Answer 28

determine the rotational degrees of freedom allowed at the joint

Question 29

2nd muscle action

Answer 29

identify axis of rotation for the plane of movement interested in

Question 30

3rd muscle action

Answer 30

identify where line of muscle action falls relative to the joint axis of rotation

Question 31

Antagonist

Answer 31

muscle or muscle group that is considered to have opposite action of a particular agonist

Question 32

synergists

Answer 32

muscles that cooperate during the execution of a particular movement

Question 33

4th muscle action

Answer 33

when 2 or more muscles simultaneously produce force in different linear direction with the resulting torques acting in the same rotary direction (pelvic tilt)

Question 34

EMA=

Answer 34

IMA/EMA

Question 35

fibrous

Answer 35

stabilized by specialized dense connective tissues usually with high concentration of collagen

Question 36

cartilaginous

Answer 36

stabilize by varying forms of flexible

Question 37

7 elements of diathrosis

Answer 37

``` articular cartilage joint capsule synovial membrane synovial fluid ligaments blood vessels sensory ```

Question 38

may appear in diarthroses

Answer 38

``` disc or meniscus peripheral labrum fat pad bursa plicae ```

Question 39

4 primary tissues in the body

Answer 39

connective tissue muscle nerve epithelium

Question 40

periarticular connective tissues include

Answer 40

fibrous proteins ground substance cells

Question 41

Collagen %

Answer 41

30% of proteins

Question 42

Collagen 1

Answer 42

thick

Question 43

collagen 2

Answer 43

thin

Question 44

elastin

Answer 44

net like interweaving of small fibrils that resist stretching forces

Question 45

ground substance

Answer 45

water saturated gel containing proteoglycans, GAGS, water and solutes

Question 46

what contributes to poor ability of joint tissues

Answer 46

sparseness of cells and limited blood supply

Question 47

periarticular connective tissue types

Answer 47

dense connective tissue articular cartilage fibrocartilage

Question 48

dense connective tissue

Answer 48

relatively low elastin, low to moderate proteoglycan, they resist tension

Question 49

articular cartilage

Answer 49

high proportion type 2 collagen, relatively high proteoglycan content, aneural (cant be source of pain

Question 50

fibrocartilage

Answer 50

high type 1 collagen fibers, dissipates loads across multiple plains

Question 51

DCT

Answer 51

straight

Question 52

Fibrocartilage cell orientation

Answer 52

swirlier

Question 53

responses to physical stress theory

Answer 53

``` decreased stress tolerance maintenance increased stress tolerance injury death ```

Question 54

ellipsoid motion

Answer 54

biplanar

Question 55

physiologic cross-sectional area

Answer 55

reflection of the amount of active proteins available to generate a contraction force.

Question 56

series elastic components

Answer 56

attached in series non contractile desmin titan on the line

Question 57

parallel elastic components

Answer 57

surround and lie parallel with active proteins, dense connective tissue

Question 58

passive tension

Answer 58

Stretching a whole muscle elongates both the series and parallel elastic components generating a spring-like resistance known as

Question 59

sliding filament hypothesis

Answer 59

active force is generated as actin filaments slide past myosin filaments.

Question 60

negative work

Answer 60

active shock absorption

Question 61

1 rm strength training increase

Answer 61

30%-40%

Question 62

isometric strength training

Answer 62

10%

Question 63

hypertrophy

Answer 63

starts at 6 week

Question 64

3-6%

Answer 64

strength loss per day during immobilization